m secundum._ The original is at Assisi with _Datum apud
Urbem Veterem X. Kal. Oct. pont. nostri anno quinto_ (September
22, 1220). It is therefore by an error that Sbaralea and Wadding
make it date from Viterbo, which is the less explicable that all
the bulls of this epoch are dated from Orvieto. Wadding, _ann.
1220_, 57; Sbaralea, vol. i., p. 6; Potthast, 6561.

[13] 2 Cel., 3, 118; Ubertin, _Arbor. V._, 2; _Spec._, 26; 50;
130b; _Conform._, 136a, 2; 143a, 2.

[14] 2 Cel., 3, 83; Bon. 77. One should read this account in the
_Conform._ according to the _Antigua Legenda_, 142a, 2; 31a, 1;
_Spec._ 43b.

[15] _Tribul._ Laur. MS., 12b; Magl. MS., 71b.

[16] Luke, ix., 1-6. _Tribul._, 12b: _Et fecerunt de regula
prima ministri removere_.... This must have taken place at the
chapter of September 29, 1220, since the suppression is made in
the Rule of 1221.

[17] 2 Cel., 3, 81; _Spec._, 26; _Conform._, 175b, 1; 53a; Bon.,
76; A. SS., p. 620.

[18] The epitaph on his tomb, which still exists at S. M. dei
Angeli bears this date: see _Portiuncula, von P. Barnabas aus
dem Elsass_, Rixheim, 1884, p. 11. Cf. A. SS., p. 630.

[19] _Spec._, 9b; _Arbor. V._, 3; _Conform._, 170a, 1; 2 Cel.,
3, 124. Cf. Ubertini, _Archiv._, iii., pp. 75 and 177.

* * * * *

CHAPTER XV

THE RULE OF 1221[1]

The winter of 1220-1221 was spent by Francis chiefly in fixing his
thought by writing. Until now he had been too much the man of action to
have been able to give much thought to anything but the _living word_,
but from this time his exhausted forces compelled him to satisfy his
longing for souls by some other means than evangelizing tours. We have
seen that the chapter of September 29, 1220, on one side, and the bull
_Cum secundum_ on the other, had fixed in advance a certain number of
points. For the rest, complete liberty had been given him, not indeed to
make a final and unchangeable statement of his ideas, but to set them
forth. The substance of legislative power had passed into the hands of
the ministers.[2]

That which we call the Rule of 1221 is, then, nothing more than a
proposed law, submitted to a representative government at its
parliament. The head of authority will one day give it to the world, so
thoroughly modified and altered that Francis's name at the head of such
a