erent kinds of work to the
individual workmen, the principle of division of labor is carried out. For
the same reason a school, a railway system, an army, and a political party
are organizations.

An organization of a lower order of individuals than these human
organizations is to be found in a hive of bees. This is made up of the
individual bees, and these, in carrying on the general work of the hive,
are known to practice the division of labor.

*Is the Body an Organization*?--If the body is an organization, it must
fulfill the conditions of the definition. It must be made up of separate
or individual parts. These must work together for the same general
purpose, and, in the accomplishment of this purpose, must practice the
division of labor. That the body practices the division of labor is seen
in the related work of the different organs. That it is made up of minute,
but individual, parts will be shown in the chapter following. That it
carries on a _general work_ which is accomplished through the combined
action of its individual parts is revealed through an extended study of
its various activities. _The body is an organization._ Moreover, it is one
of the most complex and, at the same time, most perfect of the
organizations of which we have knowledge.

*Summary.*--Viewed from the outside, the body is seen to be made up of
divisions which are more or less familiar. Viewed internally, it is found
to consist of different kinds of materials, called tissues. The tissues
are adapted, by their properties, to different purposes both in the
construction of the body and in carrying on its work. The working parts of
the body are called organs and these in their work combine to form
systems. The entire body, on account of the method of its construction and
the character of its work, may be classed as an organization.

*Exercises.*--1. Name and locate the chief external divisions of the body.

2. What tissues may be found by dissecting the leg of a chicken?

3. Name the most important properties and the most important uses of
muscular tissue, osseous tissue, and connective tissue.

4. Define an organ. Define a system. Name examples of each.

5. Name the chief cavities of the body and the organs which they contain.

6. What tissues are present in the hand? How does each of these aid in the
work of the hand?

7. Define an organization. Show that a railway system, an army, and a
school are organizations.

8. What is mea