their works are worth one hundred
and sixty-five million dollars, and he has fifteen million dollars
profit. Suppose the men took his one hundred and fifty million dollars
away from him and ate it up and wore it out in a year, doing no work in
the mean time. At the end of the year they would begin starving if they
relied on him alone, and he would have neither one hundred and fifty
million dollars capital nor fifteen million dollars profit.

VIEWED AS IT IS,

Vanderbilt is really only richer than other people to the extent that he
can gratify rational desires more than others, and this at once puts him
alongside hundreds of thousands who have money enough to purchase
everything they can rationally want. In the system of labor for wages,
Vanderbilt is only a commander, having the largest force intrusted to
his supervision--or paid with his money; the thing is the same. Almost
all

THE ENORMOUSLY RICH MEN OF THE WORLD

have lived in the apprehension of having the bulk of their possessions
seized by envious rulers or fellow citizens. Not many years ago
Vanderbilt suddenly bought fifty million dollars of four per cent
Government bonds, simply, it is believed, for the purpose of shifting
the enormous risk of active employment upon shoulders which would be
less apt to excite popular manifestations of greed should the Commune
bring about its foolish and chaotic reign. The cares of great wealth are
a class of the most serious burdens borne by humanity.

THEY SHOULD NEVER BE FORGOTTEN

in making up the account between the citizen who has all he needs and
the citizen who has to spare for others who will pay him a profit. Men
who have lived in constant dread of poverty have been astonished, upon
being stranded on that shore of ill-repute to find the sun shining more
brightly and the birds singing more cheerily than when, driven with the
ever multiplying engagements of business, they had no slumber which was
not an imaginary hurrying into a bank-president's parlor, and no
conversation which was not distressing some impatient caller in an
ante-room.

BUT ACTUAL, HARSH, GRINDING WANT

is a nightmare, a delirium of misfortune. It lowers the human being at
once to the condition of a brute somewhat of the order of the cats. Men
on board a ship, driven to despair by hunger, enter the most wretched
state conceivable. The qualities of faith and mercy disappear at once.
No man trusts anybody else. Each expects the others