nd election as provincial (1605) he was at the
intermediate congregation deposed from this dignity by the fathers
definitors. Accepting this rude blow with humility and Christian
resignation, he withdrew to the convent of San Pablo de los Montes,
where he spent the following year in prayer and pious works. Returning
to Mexico in 1606, he died in that city in 1623. This account is
condensed from Perez's _Catalogo_, p. 29.

[40] Spanish, _propiedad_: property enjoyed contrary to their vows
by members of religious orders.

[41] As the word "creole" is often used in a vague or inexact manner,
it seems best to state that, as used in our text, it means a person
of pure Spanish blood, born in any of the Spanish colonies.

[42] Pedro de Arce was born in the province of Vitoria, in Spain,
and made his profession in the convent at Salamanca, in 1576. He came
to the Philippine Islands in 1583, and ministered in various Indian
villages, then filled several high offices, finally becoming bishop
of Nueva Caceres (1609) and bishop of Cebu (1613). After a long and
laborious career, he died at Cebu, on October 16, 1645, at the age
of eighty-five.

[43] Bernardo Navarro de Santa Catalina was one of the first Dominican
missionaries, arriving at Manila in July, 1587. His labors were
principally among the Indians of Pangasinan (in whose language he
composed many short devotional works), until he became provincial of
his order in the islands, June 15, 1596. When the term of this office
expired, he was appointed commissary of the Inquisition; and in 1616
was again elected provincial. Undertaking soon afterward a journey to
Cagayan in the rainy season, he was made ill by fatigue and exposure,
and died at Nueva Segovia (the modern Lal-lo or Lallo-c), on November
8, 1616. See sketch of his life in _Resena biog. Sant. Rosario_,
pp. 80-86.

[44] The enterprise here mentioned was an attempt to regain possession
of the Maluco Islands, which had just been seized by the Dutch. In
June, 1605, arrived at Manila the commandant of the Portuguese fort at
Tidore, with some of his soldiers, accompanied by three Jesuits and
many native Christians--all of whom had been expelled from Amboyna
and Tidore by the Dutch. At the same time came a reinforcement of
a thousand troops from Spain; and Acuna resolved, with this aid,
to prepare an expedition for the recovery of the Spice Islands. In
February, 1606, a powerful fleet set out for this purpose, carrying
m