onia, the trade enjoyed a complete monopoly, not only in
Spain, but also in her colonies. To this protection were added
the fostering and united efforts of private individuals. In
1780, a society for the encouragement of the cotton manufacture
was established in Barcelona. Well, what has been the result?
Let us take the unerring test of figures for our guide. Let us
take the medium importation of raw cotton from 1834 to 1840
inclusive, (although the latter year presents an inadmissible
augmentation,) and we shall have an average amount of 9,909,261
lbs. of raw cotton. This quantity is little more than half that
imported by the English in the year 1784. The sixteen millions
of pounds imported that year by the English are less than the
third part imported by the same nation in 1790, which amounted
in all to thirty-one millions; it is only the sixth part of
that imported in 1800, when it rose to 56,010,732 lbs.; it is
less than the seventh part of the British importations in 1810,
which amounted to seventy-two millions of pounds; it is less
than the fifteenth part of the cotton imported into the same
country in 1820, when the sum amounted to 150,672,655 pounds;
it is the twenty-sixth part of the British importation in 1830,
which was that year 263,961,452 lbs.; and lastly, the present
annual importation into Catalonia is about the sixty-sixth part
of that into Great Britain for the year 1840, when the latter
amounted to 592,965,504 lbs. of raw cotton. Though the
comparative difference of progress is not so great with France,
still it shows the slow progress of the Catalonian manufactures
in a striking degree. The quantity now imported of raw cotton
into Spain is about the half of that imported into France from
1803 to 1807; a fourth part compared with French importations
of that material from 1807 to 1820; seventh-and-a-half with
respect to those of 1830; and a twenty-seventh part of the
quantity introduced into France in 1840."

And we conclude with the following example, one among several which
Senor Marliani gives, of the daring and open manner in which the
operations of the _contrabandistas_ are conducted, and of the scandalous
participation of authorities and people--incontestable evidences of a
wide-spread depravation of moral sentiments.

"Don Juan Prim, inspector of preventive service, g