led by disease, white swellings and other chronic
diseases of the joints frequently succeed sprains. Such persons cannot
be too assiduous in adopting a proper and early treatment of injured
joints.

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146. What parts are injured in the displacement of a bone? 147. What
causes the acute pain in sprains? What is a good remedy for this kind
of injury? 148. What caution to persons of scrofulous constitutions?

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CHAPTER VIII

THE MUSCLES.

149. All the great motions of the body are caused by the movement of
some of the bones which form the framework of the system; but these,
independently of themselves, have not the power of motion, and only
change their position through the action of other organs attached to
them, which, by contracting, draw the bones after them. In some of the
slight movements, as the winking of the eye, no bones are displaced.
These moving, contracting organs are the _Mus'cles_, (lean meat.)

ANATOMY OF THE MUSCLES.

150. The MUSCLES, by their size and number, constitute the great bulk
of the body, upon which they bestow form and symmetry. In the limbs,
they are situated around the bones, which they invest and defend,
while they form, to some of the joints, their principal protection. In
the trunk, they are spread out to enclose cavities, and constitute a
defensive wall, capable of yielding to internal pressure, and
reassuming its original state.

151. In structure, a muscle is composed of _fas-cic'u-li_ (bundles of
fibres) of variable size. These are enclosed in a cellular membranous
investment, or sheath. Every bundle composed of a number of small
fibres, and each fibre consists of a number of filaments, each of
which is enclosed in a delicate sheath. Toward the extremity of the
organ the muscular fibre ceases, and the cellular structure becomes
aggregated, and so modified as to constitute _ten'dons_, (cords,) by
which the muscle is tied to the surface of the bone. The union is so
firm, that, under extreme violence, the bone will sooner break than
permit the tendon to separate from its attachment. In some situations,
there is an expansion of the tendon, in the manner of a membrane,
called _Ap-o-neu-ro'sis_, or _Fas'ci-a_.

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149. How are all the motions of the body produced? What are these
motor organs called? 150-160. _Give the anatomy of the muscles._ 150.
What is said of the muscles? 151. Give thei