above mentioned,
may be produced by the sudden motion attendant on the violent shaking
of a scholar. Consequently, a child should never be seized by the arm
and shaken violently as a method of chastisement.

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841. What is the best way of learning the sciences? 842. Why should
not a child be struck upon any portion of the head? What observation
in this connection? 843. How may concussion of the brain be produced?
What is the effect of each upon the brain of the child?

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_Observation._ Most persons have experienced a disagreeable sensation
and dizziness, caused by falling from a slight elevation, or by
jumping from a carriage. This is the result of a moderate concussion
of the brain.

844. In injuries of the brain, from blows and falls, the symptoms
are usually alarming, and all should possess some information for
such contingencies. In general, such accidents are attended by
insensibility; the skin and extremities are pale and cold, the
pulse is very weak and feeble, and the circulation is less vigorous;
the respiration, also, is less frequent and full.

845. When these symptoms exist, the individual, in the first instance,
should be placed in pure air, and friction and dry warmth should be
applied to the pallid and cold skin. This should be assiduously
persevered in until heat and color are restored to the skin and limbs,
and due action of the heart and arteries has been established. Mild
stimulants may also be used internally, with much advantage. The
sympathizing friends should not be permitted to stand about the
patient, as they vitiate the air. There should be no bleeding until
the skin and extremities become warm. Send for a surgeon without
delay.

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Give an instance where moderate concussion of the brain is produced.
844. What are the symptoms when the brain is injured from blows and
falls? 845. What treatment should be adopted?

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CHAPTER XLI.

THE SENSE OF TOUCH.

846. SENSATION is the perception of external objects by means of the
senses. There are five senses, namely, _Touch_, _Taste_, _Smell_,
_Hearing_, and _Vision_.

847. TOUCH is the sense by which the mind becomes acquainted with some
of the properties of bodies, and enables us determine whether their
surfaces are smooth or rough, their relative temperature, and, to a
certain degree, their form and weight.

848. Some phys