3.

4. _Tremor ex ira._ The trembling of the limbs from anger. The interruption
of the voluntary associations of motions by anger, originates from too
great a part of the sensorial power being exerted on the organs of sense;
whence the muscles, which ought to support the body upright, are deprived
of their due quantity, and tremble from debility. See Class III. 2. 1. 1.

5. _Rubor ex ira._ Redness from anger. Anger is an excess of aversion, that
is of voluntarity not yet employed. It is excited by the pain of offended
pride; when it is employed it becomes outrage, cruelty, insanity. The
cutaneous capillaries, especially those of the face, are more mobile, that
is, more easily excited into increased action, or more easily become
torpid, from less variation of sensorial power, than any other parts of the
system, which is owing to their being perpetually subject to the
vicissitudes of heat and cold, and of extension and corrugation. Hence,
when an excess of voluntarity exists without being immediately expended in
the actions of the large muscles, the capillary arteries and glands acquire
more energetic action, and a flushed skin is produced, with increased
secretion of perspirable matter, and consequent heat, owing to the pause or
interruption of voluntary action; and thus the actions of these cutaneous
vessels become associated between the irascent ideas and irascent muscular
actions, which are thus for a time interrupted.

6. _Rubor criminati._ The blushing of accused people, whether guilty or
not, appears to be owing to circumstances similar to that of anger; for in
these situations there is always a sudden voluntarity, or wish, of clearing
their characters arises in the mind of the accused person; which, before an
opportunity is given for it to be expended on the large muscles, influences
the capillary arteries and glands, as in the preceding article. Whence the
increased actions of the capillaries, and the consequent redness and heat,
become exerted between the voluntary ideas of self-defence, and the
muscular actions necessary for that purpose; which last are thus for a time
interrupted or delayed.

Even in the blush of modesty or bashfulness there is a self-condemnation
for some supposed defect or indecorum, and a sudden voluntarity, or wish,
of self-defence; which not being expended in actions of the larger muscles
excites the capillaries into action; which in these subjects are more
mobile than in others.

The