aries,
exciting a blush and heat of the skin. Whence we may gain some knowledge of
what is meant by depressing and exciting passions; the former confiding of
ideas attended with pain, which pain occasions no muscular actions, like
the pain of cold head-ach; the latter being attended with volitions, and
consequent muscular exertions.

That is, the pain of fear, and the pain of anger, are produced by the
exertion of certain ideas, or motions of certain nerves of sense; in the
former case, the painful sensation of fear produces no muscular actions,
yet it exhausts or employs so much sensorial power, that the whole system
acts more feebly, or becomes retrograde; but some parts of it more so than
others, according to their early associations described in Sect. XVI. 8. 1.
hence the tremor of the limbs, palpitation of heart, and even syncope. In
anger the painful volition produces violent muscular actions; but if
previous to these any deliberation occurs, a flushed countenance sometimes,
and a red skin, are produced by this superabundance of volition exerted on
the arterial system; but at other times the skin becomes pale, and the legs
tremble, from the exhaustion or expenditure of the sensorial power by the
painful volitions of anger on the organs of sense, as by the painful
sensations of fear above mentioned.

Where the passion of fear exists in a great degree, it exhausts or expends
so much sensorial power, either simply by the pain which attends it, or by
the violent and perpetual excitement of the terrific imaginations or ideas,
that not only a cold and pale skin, but a retrograde motion of the
cutaneous absorbents occurs, and a cold sweat appears upon the whole
surface of the body, which probably sometimes increases pulmonary
absorption; as in Class II. 1. 6. 4. and as in the cold sweats, which
attend the paroxysms of humoral asthma. Hence anxiety, which is a continued
pain of fear, so universally debilitates the constitution as to occasion a
lingering death; which happens much more frequently than is usually
supposed; and these victims of continued anxiety are said to die of a
broken heart. Other kinds of paleness are described in Class I. 2. 2. 2.

M. M. Opium. Wine. Food. Joy.

6. _Palpitatio cordis a timore._ The palpitation of the heart from fear is
owing to the weak action of it, and perhaps sometimes to the retrograde
exertion of the ventricules and auricles; because it seems to be affected
by its association w