so Klaproth's introduction to
_Annales des empereurs du Japon_, Paris, 1834, pp. iv.-ix.;
Humboldt, _Examen critique de l'histoire de la geographie du
nouveau continent_, Paris, 1837, tom. ii. pp. 62-84. The fancy
was revived by C. G. Leland ("Hans Breitmann"), in his
_Fusang_, London, 1875, and was again demolished by the
missionary, S. W. Williams, in the _Journal of the American
Oriental Society_, vol. xi., New Haven, 1881.]

[Footnote 161: On the noble work of the Irish church and its
missionaries in the sixth and seventh centuries, see
Montalembert, _Les moines d'Occident_, tom. ii. pp. 465-661;
tom. iii. pp. 79-332; Burton's _History of Scotland_, vol. i.
pp. 234-277; and the instructive map in Miss Sophie Bryant's
_Celtic Ireland_, London, 1889, p. 60. The notice of the
subject in Milman's _Latin Christianity_, vol. ii. pp. 236-247,
is entirely inadequate.]

[Footnote 162: The passion for solitude led some of the
disciples of St. Columba to make their way from Iona to the
Hebrides, and thence to the Orkneys, Shetlands, Faeroes, and
Iceland, where a colony of them remained until the arrival of
the Northmen in 874. See Dicuil, _Liber de mensura Orbis Terrae_
(A. D. 825), Paris, 1807; Innes, _Scotland in the Middle Ages_,
p. 101; Lanigan, _Ecclesiastical History of Ireland_, chap.
iii.; Maurer, _Beitraege zur Rechtsgeschichte des Germanischen
Nordens_, i. 35. For the legend of St. Brandan, see Gaffarel,
_Les voyages de St. Brandan_, Paris, 1881.]

[Footnote 163: C. W. Brooks, of San Francisco, cited in
Higginson, _Larger History of the United States_, p. 24.]

[Footnote 164: Desmarquets, _Memoires chronologiques pour
servir a l'histoire de Dieppe_, Paris, 1785, tom. i. pp. 91-98;
Estancelin, _Recherches sur les voyages et decouvertes des
navigateurs normands_, etc., Paris, 1832, pp. 332-361.]

[Footnote 165: See below, vol. ii. p. 96.]

[Footnote 166: As Harrisse says, concerning the alleged voyages
of Cousin and others, "Quant aux voyages du Dieppois Jean
Cousin en 1488, de Joao Ramalho en 1490, et de Joao Vaz
Cortereal en 1464 ou 1474, le lecteur nous pardonnera de les
passer sous