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so Klaproth's introduction to _Annales des empereurs du Japon_, Paris, 1834, pp. iv.-ix.; Humboldt, _Examen critique de l'histoire de la geographie du nouveau continent_, Paris, 1837, tom. ii. pp. 62-84. The fancy was revived by C. G. Leland ("Hans Breitmann"), in his _Fusang_, London, 1875, and was again demolished by the missionary, S. W. Williams, in the _Journal of the American Oriental Society_, vol. xi., New Haven, 1881.] [Footnote 161: On the noble work of the Irish church and its missionaries in the sixth and seventh centuries, see Montalembert, _Les moines d'Occident_, tom. ii. pp. 465-661; tom. iii. pp. 79-332; Burton's _History of Scotland_, vol. i. pp. 234-277; and the instructive map in Miss Sophie Bryant's _Celtic Ireland_, London, 1889, p. 60. The notice of the subject in Milman's _Latin Christianity_, vol. ii. pp. 236-247, is entirely inadequate.] [Footnote 162: The passion for solitude led some of the disciples of St. Columba to make their way from Iona to the Hebrides, and thence to the Orkneys, Shetlands, Faeroes, and Iceland, where a colony of them remained until the arrival of the Northmen in 874. See Dicuil, _Liber de mensura Orbis Terrae_ (A. D. 825), Paris, 1807; Innes, _Scotland in the Middle Ages_, p. 101; Lanigan, _Ecclesiastical History of Ireland_, chap. iii.; Maurer, _Beitraege zur Rechtsgeschichte des Germanischen Nordens_, i. 35. For the legend of St. Brandan, see Gaffarel, _Les voyages de St. Brandan_, Paris, 1881.] [Footnote 163: C. W. Brooks, of San Francisco, cited in Higginson, _Larger History of the United States_, p. 24.] [Footnote 164: Desmarquets, _Memoires chronologiques pour servir a l'histoire de Dieppe_, Paris, 1785, tom. i. pp. 91-98; Estancelin, _Recherches sur les voyages et decouvertes des navigateurs normands_, etc., Paris, 1832, pp. 332-361.] [Footnote 165: See below, vol. ii. p. 96.] [Footnote 166: As Harrisse says, concerning the alleged voyages of Cousin and others, "Quant aux voyages du Dieppois Jean Cousin en 1488, de Joao Ramalho en 1490, et de Joao Vaz Cortereal en 1464 ou 1474, le lecteur nous pardonnera de les passer sous
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