94

IX. THE SOPHISTS 106

X. SOCRATES 127

XI. THE SEMI-SOCRATICS. THE CYNICS. THE
CYRENAICS. THE MEGARICS 155

XII. PLATO 164

(i.) Life and writings 165

(ii.) The theory of knowledge 177

(iii.) Dialectic, or the theory of Ideas 183

(iv.) Physics, or the theory of existence 207

(a) The doctrine of the world 207

(b) The doctrine of the human soul 211

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(v.) Ethics 217

(a) Of the individual 217

(b) The State 225

(vi.) Views upon art 229

(vii.) Critical estimate of Plato's philosophy 234

XIII. ARISTOTLE:

(i.) Life, Writings, and general character of
his work 249

(ii.) Logic 260

(iii.) Metaphysics 261

(iv.) Physics, or the philosophy of nature 288

(v.) Ethics:

(a) The individual 314

(b) The State 320

(vi.) Aesthetics, or the theory of art 325

(vii.) Critical estimate of
Aristotle's philosophy 331

XIV. THE GENERAL CHARACTER OF POST-ARISTOTELIAN
PHILOSOPHY 339

XV. THE STOICS. LOGIC. PHYSICS. ETHICS 344

XVI. THE EPICUREANS. PHYSICS. ETHICS 354

XVII. THE SCEPTICS. PYRRHO. THE NEW ACADEMY.
LATER SCEPTICISM 361

XVIII. TRANSITION TO NEO-PLATONISM 368

XIX. THE NEO-PLATONISTS 372

INDEX OF SUBJECTS 378

INDEX OF NAMES 382

{1}
A CRITICAL HISTORY OF GREEK PHILOSOPHY

CHAPTER I

THE IDEA OF PHILOSOPHY IN GENERAL.

THE ORIGINS AND DEVELOPMENT OF GREEK PHILOSOPHY

It is natural that, at the commencement of any study, one should be
e