y Bessemer (1834), Jacobi and the
Elkingtons in 1838, and Spencer in 1839, but for practical utility it was
still in its infancy, and we can see how far it had advanced, in the
following extract from a German Paper: "Munich, 22 July, 1840.--Much is
at present said in the public papers respecting the imitations of medals,
reliefs, etc., by means of a galvanic deposition of copper. This art,
called Galvano plastic, first discovered by Professor Jacobi of St.
Petersburg, and brought to greater perfection by Mr. Spencer, of
Liverpool, and by Professor Von Kebel, of Munich, may justly be classed
as one of the most useful of modern inventions; and, from its great
importance, its employment in technical operations must soon become
general. Indeed, some persons in England, perceiving the great influence
which this invention is destined to have on manufacturing industry, are
already applying it to the production of buttons, arabesques, and various
ornaments in Copper. Herr G. A. Muller, mechanician of Leipsic, has
recently called attention to the application of Galvano plastic to
typography. He has, however, been, in some measure, anticipated by the
experiments made in 1839, in Rosel's printing office, in Munich; where,
by following the methods of Jacobi and Spencer, the lines of copperplate
were produced in relief. Wood cuts were, also, converted into metallic
plates, which, to say nothing of the advantage of the solidity of the
metal, far exceeded the effect of the most perfect casting. The
experiments for making stereotype plates in copper have, also, been
successful. In short, the invention has now reached that stage which
must secure for it the attention of all practical men."

Mulready's postal wrapper having been killed by universal derision: in
July was produced an envelope with an embossed head of the Queen thereon,
and these could be bought until the close of her reign.

Prince Louis Napoleon, previously to his ill-starred expedition to
Boulogne, had left instructions for his furniture and jewellery to be
sold; and sold they accordingly were by Christie and Manson on 21 Aug.,
and Mr. Bernal and other _virtuosi_ went to the sale to see what
Napoleonic relics they could pick up. Among these were two silver cups,
with the eagle and initial of Queen Hortense, 5 pounds 10/- and a casket
of camei, formerly the property of the Empress Josephine, was divided
into 22 lots, one of which was a pair of earrings, the gift o