he number of
holes bored through them. It is thought that the number of holes
indicated the rank of the owner. Although many theories are given
regarding the use of batons, the one which seems most tenable to
the author is that which views them as marks of distinction and
instruments used in magical ceremonies and in hunting dances.

_Lesson XLII._ The method of hunting herds by surrounding them is a
cooperative method suitable to such regions as grassy plains, and
comparatively level tracts which are sparsely wooded. The drive, on
the contrary, is adapted to regions where steep cliffs are to be
found. It is a natural development of the earlier method of hunting by
taking advantage of the proximity of animals to steep cliffs. In that
case man's part was to lie in wait until a favorable opportunity
presented itself for frightening the animals over. The lesson in _The
Tree-dwellers_ on "How the Hyenas Hunted the Big-nosed Rhinoceros,"
and the one in _The Early Cave-men_ on "Hunting the Mammoth,"
illustrate early stages of this method.

Notice that there is a new principle employed in this lesson--that of
the decoy--and that the method of hunting by means of the drive makes
use of various ideas worked out before.

_Lesson XLIII._ The experience of children in games is sufficient to
enable them to realize the necessity of making laws and rules for
regulating the conduct of the members of the group. This lesson should
serve to connect this narrow experience with that of the race.

Many of the representations of the Cave-man's art, as shown in the
illustrations of this book, might well have been made the subjects of
special lessons. The limits of this book, however, forbid further
expansion.

* * * * *

Industrial and Social History Series

_By KATHARINE ELIZABETH DOPP, Ph. D._

_Lecturer in Education in the Extension Division of the University of
Chicago. Author of "The Place of Industries in Elementary Education."_

WHAT THE BOOKS ARE

_Book I._ #THE TREE-DWELLERS.# THE AGE OF FEAR.

_Illustrated with a map, 14 full-page and 46 text drawings in
half-tone by Howard V. Brown. Cloth, square 12mo, 158 pages. For
the primary grades._

This volume makes clear to the child how people lived before they had
fire, how and why they conquered it, and the changes wrought in
society by its use. The simple activities of gathering food, of
weaving, building, taming f