5-1681) was born in the same year with Paul Potter. His
birth-place was Haarlem. He came to be the very best of all Dutch
landscape painters, and though most of his pictures represent the dull,
uninteresting scenery of Holland, they are so skilfully drawn and painted
that they are really most attractive, if not cheerful. His works number
about four hundred and forty-eight pictures and seven fine, spirited
etchings. He was fond of giving a broad, expansive effect to his pictures,
and frequently placed church spires in the distance. He painted a few
marine views with rough seas and cloudy skies. Though many of his works
are gloomy, he sometimes painted sunshine with much effect. Some of his
finest works are in the Dresden Gallery.

MINDERT HOBBEMA was a pupil of Jacob Ruysdael, and this is almost all that
is known of him personally; but his pictures show that he was a great
landscape painter. They sell for enormous sums, and many of the best are
in England. Most of those seen in the continental galleries are not those
he should be judged by. At the San Donato sale in Florence, his picture of
the "Wind-Mills" sold for forty-two thousand dollars.

The number of reputable Dutch painters is very large, but I shall mention
no more names. After the great men whom we have spoken of there comes an
army of those who are called "little Dutch masters," and their principal
work was making copies from the pictures of the greater artists.

In the history of what we know as German art we find a very early school
at Cologne, but the records of it are so scarce and imperfect that I shall
give no account of it here. At Augsburg there was an important school of
art which commenced with the Holbeins. The first Hans Holbein is known as
"Old Holbein," and so little is known of him that I shall merely give his
name. The second HANS HOLBEIN, called the elder (1460-1523), painted a
great number of religious pictures, which are seen in various churches and
galleries in Germany. Some of the best are in the Cathedral of Augsburg.
In one salon of the Munich Pinakothek there are sixteen panels painted by
him. But it was HANS HOLBEIN the third, known as "the younger," who
reached the perfection of his school (1495-1543). This painter was
instructed by his father and by Hans Burgkmair. He was but fifteen years
of age when he began to receive commissions for pictures. When he was
about twenty-one years old he removed to Basle, and there he painted many