OF HUDSON'S BAY COMPANY, 1820 406

JOHN MCLOUGHLIN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 408
After a likeness in Laut's _Conquest
of the Great Northwest_.

SIR JOHN SHERBROOKE, GOVERNOR GENERAL OF CANADA, 1816-1818 413
After an engraving at Queen's University,
Kingston, Ontario.

THE FOURTH DUKE OF RICHMOND, GOVERNOR GENERAL OF CANADA,
1818-1819 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419
After an engraving at Queen's University,
Kingston, Ontario.

WILLIAM LYON MACKENZIE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 421
After a likeness in Lindsey's _Life and Times of Mackenzie_.

ALLAN McNAB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423
After the portrait in the Speaker's Chambers, Ottawa.

LOUIS J. PAPINEAU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 428
After a likeness in Fannings Taylor's _British Americans_.

SIR JOHN COLBORNE, GOVERNOR GENERAL OF CANADA, 1838-1841 . . 430
After an engraving at Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario.

LORD DURHAM, SPECIAL COMMISSIONER TO CANADA, 1838 . . . . . 432
After an engraving at Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario.

JOHN A. MACDONALD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 435
From a photograph.

FATHERS OF CONFEDERATION, 1867 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 436
From the painting by Hariss.

CANADA

THE EMPIRE OF THE NORTH

CHAPTER I

FROM 1000 TO 1600

Early voyages to America--Voyages of the Cabots--The French fisher
folk--Cartier's first voyage--Cartier's second voyage--Cartier's third
voyage--Marguerite Roberval

Who first found Canada? As many legends surround the beginnings of
empire in the North as cling to the story of early Rome.

When Leif, son of Earl Eric, the Red, came down from Greenland with his
Viking crew, which of his bearded seamen in Arctic furs leaned over the
dragon prow for sight of the lone new land, fresh as if washed by the
dews of earth's first morning? Was it Thorwald, Leif's brother, or the
mother of Snorri, first white child born in America, who caught first
glimpse through the flying spray of Labrador's domed hills,--"Helluland,
place of slaty rocks"; and of Nova Scotia's wooded meadows,--"Markland";
and Rhode Island's broken vine-clad shore,--"Vinland"? The question
cannot be answered. All is as misty concerning that Viking voyage as the
legends of old Norse gods.

Leif, the Lucky, son of Earl Eric, the outlaw, coasts back to Greenland
w