rge at Kirkham Abbey was chiefly worn at
the same time as Newton Dale.

[Illustration: Diagrammatic view showing the presumed position of the ice
at the eastern end of the Vale of Pickering during the Lesser Glacial
epoch. The river Derwent is shown overflowing along the edge of the
glacier.]

Another delta was formed by the upper course of the Derwent to which I
have already alluded. In this instance, the water flowed along the edge of
the ice and cut out a shelf on the hill slopes near Hutton Buscel, and the
detritus was carried to the front of the glacier. This deposit terminates
in a crescent-shape and now forms the slightly elevated ground upon which
Wykeham Abbey stands. The Norse word Wyke or Vik means a creek or bay, and
the fact that such a name was given to this spot would suggest that the
Vale was more than marshy in Danish times, and perhaps it even contained
enough water to float shallow draught boats. Flotmanby is another
suggestive name occurring at the eastern corner of the lake about four
miles from Filey. In modern Danish _flotman_ means a waterman or ferryman,
and as there is, and was then, no river near Flotmanby, there is ground
for believing that the Danes who settled at this spot found it necessary
to ferry across the corner of the lake. Before the Glacial Period, the
Vale of Pickering was beyond doubt from 100-150 feet deeper at the seaward
end than at the present time, and even as far up the Valley as Malton the
rock floor beneath the deposit of Kimeridge clay is below the level of the
sea.

CHAPTER IV

_The Early Inhabitants of the Forest and Vale of Pickering_

Almighty wisdom made the land
Subject to man's disturbing hand,
And left it all for him to fill
With marks of his ambitious will....

Urgent and masterful ashore,
Man dreams and plans,
And more and more,
As ages slip away, Earth shows
How need by satisfaction grows,
And more and more its patient face
Mirrors the driving human race.

_Edward Sandford Martin._

THE NEOLITHIC OR NEW STONE AGE
Succeeded the Old Stone Age and overlapped the Bronze Age.

THE BRONZE AGE
Succeeded the New Stone Age and overlapped the Early Iron
Age.

THE EARLY IRON AGE
Succeeded the Bronze Age and continued in Britain until the
Roman Invasion in B.C. 54.

_(All these periods overlapped.)_

The Palaeolithic men had reached England when it was part of the continent
of Europe, but after t