Eucharist.

_On the contrary,_ Augustine says (Contra Parmen. ii): "Just as
Baptism remains in them," i.e. in heretics, schismatics, and those
who are excommunicate, "so do their orders remain intact." Now, by
the power of his ordination, a priest can consecrate the Eucharist.
Therefore, it seems that heretics, schismatics, and those who are
excommunicate, can consecrate the Eucharist, since their orders
remain entire.

_I answer that,_ Some have contended that heretics, schismatics, and
the excommunicate, who are outside the pale of the Church, cannot
perform this sacrament. But herein they are deceived, because, as
Augustine says (Contra Parmen. ii), "it is one thing to lack
something utterly, and another to have it improperly"; and in like
fashion, "it is one thing not to bestow, and quite another to bestow,
but not rightly." Accordingly, such as, being within the Church,
received the power of consecrating the Eucharist through being
ordained to the priesthood, have such power rightly indeed; but they
use it improperly if afterwards they be separated from the Church by
heresy, schism, or excommunication. But such as are ordained while
separated from the Church, have neither the power rightly, nor do
they use it rightly. But that in both cases they have the power, is
clear from what Augustine says (Contra Parmen. ii), that when they
return to the unity of the Church, they are not re-ordained, but are
received in their orders. And since the consecration of the Eucharist
is an act which follows the power of order, such persons as are
separated from the Church by heresy, schism, or excommunication, can
indeed consecrate the Eucharist, which on being consecrated by them
contains Christ's true body and blood; but they act wrongly, and sin
by doing so; and in consequence they do not receive the fruit of the
sacrifice, which is a spiritual sacrifice.

Reply Obj. 1: Such and similar authorities are to be understood in
this sense, that the sacrifice is offered wrongly outside the Church.
Hence outside the Church there can be no spiritual sacrifice that is
a true sacrifice with the truth of its fruit, although it be a true
sacrifice with the truth of the sacrament; thus it was stated above
(Q. 80, A. 3), that the sinner receives Christ's body sacramentally,
but not spiritually.

Reply Obj. 2: Baptism alone is allowed to be conferred by heretics,
and schismatics, because they can lawfully baptize in case of
necessity; but