her citations
from the Privy Purse expenses of Henry VII.:

"1498, March 24th.--To Lanslot Thirkill of London, upon a prest for
his shipp going towards the New Ilande, L20.

"April 1st.--To Thomas Bradley and Lanslot Thirkill, going to the New
Isle, L30.

"1503, Sept. 30th.--To the merchants of Bristoll that have been in the
Newfounde Lande, L20.

"1504, Oct. 17th.--To one that brought hawkes from the Newfounded
Island, L1.

"1505. Aug. 25th.--To Clays goying to Richemount, with wylde catts and
popynjays of the Newfound Island, for his costs 13s. 4d."[13]

* * * * *

FOOTNOTES:

[4] Stanford's "Compendium of Geography and Travel" (New Issue). North
America, vol. i. Canada and Newfoundland. Edited by H.M. Ami (London,
1915), p. 1007.

[5] See the excellent contribution of Mr Raymond Beazley to the
"Builders of Greater Britain" Series--"John and Sebastian Cabot."

[6] The Fust MSS., Mill Court, Gloucestershire.

[7] S. Bentley, "Excerpts Historica" (1831), p. 113.

[8] These letters, together with other relative documents, are given
in the publication of the Italian Columbian Royal Commission: "Reale
Commissione Colombiana: Raccolta di Documenti e Studi" (Rome, 1893),
Part 3, vol. i., pp. 196-198.

[9] "Reale Commissione Colombiana: Raccolta di Documenti e Studi"
(Rome, 1893), Part 3, vol. ii., p. 109: "Calendar of State Papers,"
Venetian Series, vol. i., p. 262.

[10] The more authoritative Italian source has already been indicated.

[11] The testimony of both Peter Martyr and Ramusio, and of others,
like Gomara and Fabyan, who support the claims of Sebastian as against
John Cabot, does not now find favour; _cf._ Rogers, _op. cit._, p. 14.

[12] Custom's Roll of the Port of Bristol, 1496-9, edited by E. Scott,
A.E. Hudd, etc. (1897).

[13] See Hakluyt Society Publications (1850), vol. vii., p. lxii.
Bentley, _op. cit._, pp. 126, 129, 131.

CHAPTER III

EARLY HISTORY. AGE OF IMPERFECT COLONIZATION

The motives and projects of the early English colonizers are thus
aptly described by a recent writer already referred to:[14] "The
colonizers were actuated by three different kinds of definite ideas,
and definite colonization was threefold in its character. In the first
place, there were men who were saturated in the old illusions and
ideas, and intended colonization as a means to an end, the end being
the gold and silver and spices of Asia. Secondly, there were