tion of it:--

The flyer which is to be seen on the old Saxony wheel, and which was
perpetuated in the celebrated machine of Arkwright, is entirely
dispensed with, and all its functions efficiently performed by
apparatus, simple in itself; it is yet capable of high speed and heavy
production.

First of all, there is a vastly improved and cleverly constructed form
of spindle, by which, in the latest and best makes, any speed can be
attained which is likely to be required for spinning purposes.

Perhaps the apparatus which plays the most important part in performing
the duties of the displaced flyer, is a tiny "traveller" revolving
round a specially made steel ring about 2 inches in diameter.

The use of these two latter gives the distinctive names of
"Ring-spinning" to the new system and "Ring Frame" to the machine
itself.

In describing this system of spinning the creel of rovings to be
operated upon, and the drawing rollers being practically identical with
machines already described, little here is required to be said of them,
but there is, however, a modification in the arrangement of the rollers
which is referred to later on.

After leaving the rollers, a thread of yarn is conducted downwards and
passed through the "travellers," which may be seen in the illustration,
and then attached to the bobbin. The "traveller" is a tiny ring made of
finely tempered steel. It is sprung upon the edge of the ring shown in
the frame, and which is specially shaped to receive the tiny ring or
traveller referred to.

The bobbin in this case is practically fast to the spindle--unlike any
other case in cotton-spinning machinery--and it is therefore carried
round by the spindle at the same rate of speed.

As the spindle and bobbin revolve, they pull the traveller round by the
yarn which passes through it, being connected at one end to the bobbin
and the rollers above forming another point of attachment. If the reader
will look carefully at the illustration he will see how twist is put in
the yarn. The joint action, then, of bobbin, traveller and fixed ring,
is to put the necessary twist in the yarn which gives it its proper
degree of strength. If no fresh roving from the rollers were issuing for
the moment, the small portion of thread reaching from the rollers to
the bobbins would simply be twisted without any "winding-on" taking
place. As a matter of fact, the roving always is issuing from the
rollers, and "winding-on" of the t