the Bunsen type. The passage of the thread through the flame
is too rapid to allow of the burning down of the threads, but is not too
quickly to prevent the loose oozy fibres, present more or less on the
surface of all cotton yarns, to be burned away. This process is somewhat
expensive, as it burns away perhaps 6 pounds weight of yarn in every 100
pounds. This, however, is obtained back again by the increased price of
the yarn. It is a property of the cotton fibre that it can be made to
imitate more or less either woollen, linen or silk goods, and since
cotton is the cheapest fibre of the lot it follows that a considerable
amount of cotton yarn is used in combination with these other fibres, in
order to produce cheaper fabrics. Embroidery, crocheting and knitting
cottons, and the hosiery trade absorb a large amount of the spun cotton
yarn; the latter being doubled in most cases in order to fit it for the
special work it is designed to do.

In a modern spinning mill the ground floor usually contains the openers,
scutchers, drawing frames, carding engines and bobbin and fly-frames.
The upper floors are usually covered by mules and other spinning
frames.

Image: FIG. 38.--Engine house, showing driving to various storeys.

In the last illustration (Fig. 38) is shown one of the latest engines
built for special work such as is required in a cotton mill. The huge
drum, on which rest the ropes and which can be clearly seen in the
picture, is divided into grooves. A certain number of these is set apart
for the special rooms. The strength of the rope is known and its
transmitting power is also known. When the power required to drive say
the first storey or second storey is calculated, it becomes an easy
matter to distribute the ropes on the drum as required. This engine is
now at work in the Bee-Hive Spinning Mill, Bolton.

INDEX.

A.

Abbasi Cotton, 62.

_Alethia argillacea_, 35.

_Anthonomus grundis_, 38.

_Aphis gossypia_, 38.

Arkwright, Richard, 102, 105, 113, 118, 123, 126, 160.

Ashmouni Cotton, 62.

_Ataxia crypta_, 38.

B.

Backing off, 152.

Bale Breaker, 83, 86.

Bales, cylindrical, 80;
varieties of, 80.

Baling, 76, 79.

Ballooning, 165.

Bamia Cotton, 62.

Bedding of cotton plants, 44.

Bobbin and Fly Frames, 84, 105.

Bobbins, 110.

Botany of cotton, 19.

Bourbon Cotton, 25.

Bran, cotton seed, 33.

Brazil, cultivation of cotton in, 47.

Breyn, 14.

Broach Cott