est was reopened,
Mazarin returned, there was battle in Paris, the Fronde failed, and
Mazarin died in office.

The popular outbreak here briefly chronicled is of interest from the
fact that it immediately followed the success of the insurrection in
England and the execution of Charles I. The provocation was the same in
the two nations; the result highly different. In both cases it was a
revolt against the tyranny of the court and the attempt to establish
absolutism. But the difference in results lay in the fact that England
had a single parliament, composed of politicians, while France had ten
parliaments, composed of magistrates, and unaccustomed to handle great
questions of public policy. Richelieu had taken from the civic
parliaments of France what little power they possessed, and they were
but shadowy prototypes of the English representative assembly. "Without
any unity of action or aim, and by turns excited and dismayed by the
examples that came to them from England, the Frondeurs had to guide them
no Hampden or Cromwell; they had at their backs neither people nor army;
the English had been able to accomplish a revolution; the Fronde failed
before the dexterous prudence of Mazarin and the queen's fidelity to her
minister."

There lay before France a century and a half of autocratic rule and
popular suffering; then was to come the convening of the States-General,
the rise of the people, and the final downfall of absolute royalty and
feudal privileges in the red tide of the Revolution.

_A MARTYR TO HIS PROFESSION._

The grounds of the Chateau de Chantilly, that charming retreat of the
Prince de Conde, shone with all the splendor which artistic adornments,
gleaming lanterns of varied form and color, splendidly-costumed dames
and richly-attired cavaliers could give them, the whole scene having a
fairy-like beauty and richness wonderfully pleasing to the eye. For more
than a mile from the entrance to the grounds men holding lighted torches
bordered the road, while in all the villages leading thither the
peasants were out in their gala attire, and triumphal arches of verdure
were erected in honor of the king, Louis XIV., who was on his way
thither to visit Monsieur le Prince.

He was coming, the great Louis, the Grand Monarque of France, and noble
and peasant alike were out to bid him welcome, while the artistic skill
of the day had exhausted itself in efforts to provide him a splendid
reception. And now t