a more optimistic manner than Professor Eucken; but he,
too, is conscious that much is required of the people. "Some kind
of widespread exhilaration or excitement is required in order to
enable any community to extract the best results from the raw
material transmitted to it by natural inheritance" (p. 62).

[39] _Main Currents of Modern Thought_, p. 398.

[40] This aspect has been developed in modern times by
Schopenhauer, Ed. von Hartmann, and others. Bergson seems to me to
be greatly indebted to Schopenhauer. Schopenhauer's Will and
Bergson's _elan vital_ are practically the same (_cf_.
Schopenhauer's _Ueber den Willen in der Natur,_ and Bergson's
_Creative Evolution_). Edward Carpenter, in his _Art of Creation_,
has worked out a similar point of view independently of Bergson.

[41] _Der Kampf um einen geistigen Lebensinhalt_, Zweite Auflage,
1907, S. 331.

[42] Sonderdruck, 1905.

[43] George Meredith, _The Sage Enamoured and the Honest Lady_.

[44] _Cf._ the closing passages of Bradley's _Appearance and
Reality_ for a similar view; also the latter part of Ward's _Realm
of Ends_.

[45] This weakness of Bergson's philosophy is shown in the whole of
Bosanquet's _Principle of Individuality and Value_.

[46] It is a great merit of Windelband to have brought this aspect
of the _Ought_ prominently forward in contradistinction to the
over-importance attached to the _Will_ alone by the Pragmatists.
_Cf._ his _Praeludien_.

[47] _The Truth of Religion_, p. 175.

[48] Modern psychology would agree with such a view, but probably
not with the implications given to it by Eucken. The "faculty"
psychology as it was presented by Kant has now disappeared, and
consciousness is conceived as a unity in which the three aspects
referred to are present, and even the single aspect that is in the
foreground of consciousness is influenced by the others which are
in the background. Another point made clear by Hoeffding (_cf_. his
_Psychology)_ and others is the difference between the activity of
consciousness in the "drifting" process of association of ideas and
its power to stem the association current, and to turn it into new
directions by means of the reflective power of consciousness
itself.

[49] It is a great merit of Bergson's phil