Stadia_, or furlongs--each
Stadium, 125 _Passus_--each Pace, 5 feet.

The _Pes_, or foot, was variously divided. It contained 4 _Palmi_ or
handbreadths, each of which was therefore 3 inches long--and it
contained 16 _Digiti_, or finger breadths, each of which was therefore
three-quarters of an inch long--and it contained 12 _Unciae_, or inches:
any number of which was used to signify the same number of ounces.

_Cubitus_, a cubit, was 1-1/2 feet long--_Pollex_, a thumb's breadth, 1
inch--_Palmipes_, a foot and hand's breadth, i.e. 15 inches
long--_Pertica_, a perch, 10 feet long--the lesser _Actus_ was a space
of ground 120 feet long by four broad--the greater Actus was 120 feet
square--two square Actus made a _Jugerum_, or acre, which contained
therefore 28,000 square feet.

The first money in use among the Romans was nothing more than unsightly
lumps of brass, which were valued according to their weight. Servius
Tullius stamped these, and reduced them to a fixed standard. After his
reign, the Romans improved the old, and added some new coins. Those in
most frequent use, were the _As_, _Sestertius_, _Victoriatus_,
_Denarius_, _Aureus_.

The As was a brass coin, stamped on one side with the beak of a ship,
and on the other with the double head of Janus. It originally weighed
one pound; but was afterwards reduced to half an ounce, without
suffering, however, any diminution of value. It was worth one cent and
forty-three hundredths.

Sestertius was a silver coin, stamped on one side with Castor and
Pollux, and on the opposite with the city. This was so current a coin,
that the word _Nummus_, money, is often used absolutely to express it.
It was worth three cents and fifty-seven hundredths.

Denarius was a silver coin, valued at ten asses; that is, fourteen cents
and thirty-five hundredths of our money. It was stamped with the figure
of a carriage drawn by four beasts, and on the other side, with a head
covered with a helmet, to represent Rome.

Victoriatus was a silver coin, half the value of a Denarius. It was
stamped with the figure of Victory, from whence its name was derived.
Being worth five Asses, it was called _Quinarius_.

_Libella_, _Sembella_, _Teruncius_, were also silver coins, but of less
value than the above. Libella was of the same worth as the As--Sembella
was half a Libella, equal to seventy-one hundredths of a cent--and the
Teruncius was half of a Sembella.

Aureus Denarius was a gold coin, ab