gallery, of which the parapet on the inner side is decorated with
scenes taken from the Ramayana (the second of the two great Indian
epics), while the opposite wall of the temple is adorned with forms of
deities. In the centre or body of the temple are four chambers, one of
which--the principal--is itself larger, and contains a larger image than
the others. They are each alike approached by flights of steps in the
centre of the four sides of the edifice. The deities represented are--in
the northern chamber, Durga; in the western, Ganesa; and in both the
southern and eastern, Guru. Now, according to the Brahmanic pantheon,
Durga (_the_ Goddess) was the mother, and Guru the father, of Ganesa,
the elephant-headed God of Wisdom. The connection between Siva and the
Rama epic is this. The Ramayana is the history of the incarnation of
Vishnu as Rama, and contains an account of the war waged by Rama with
the giant Ravana, the demon king of Ceylon. In the poem mention is made
of the Vedic god Indra and his Maruts. Subsequently Siva, the world
destroyer, was identified with Indra in the form of Rudra, the god of
tempests; hence the appropriateness of scenes from this story on a
Saivite temple. It only remains to add that the name of the temple,
_Loro-Jonggrang_, is simply the native name given to the particular
Durga (or Goddess of Efficient Virtue) represented in the shrine, and
means literally the "Maiden with beautiful hips."

NOTE.--In view of the late appearance of the Adibuddha (probably
the tenth century), I have thought it desirable to state that
the theory of the general design of the Boro-Boedoer contained
in the text is based upon a very interesting conversation which
I had with M. Groeneveldt, who is a member of the Council of
Netherlands India and Director of the Museum at Batavia.
Professor Rhys Davids has pointed out an interesting distinction
between the Boro-Boedoer and the Buddhist shrines in India, viz.
that, whereas the cupolas at Boro-Boedoer are hollow, the
_dagabas_ of British India are always solid. In the Annex will
be found a detailed account of the various routes and the cost,
etc., of travelling from Batavia to the temple districts in the
centre and east of Java.

ANNEX TO CHAPTER V.

THE ROUTES TO THE TEMPLES.

Supposing that the traveller has been landed at Batavia, and wishes to
visit the ruins in the east of the island, he will have t