unjust aggression of the strong against the weak.

It is suggested that we invite a conference of neutral nations to
bring about measures for present peace and to formulate demands as to
the protection of neutral rights. This may be a good plan, but, as
Kipling says, that is another story.

The League to Enforce Peace

Personnel and Text of the Resolutions Adopted

RESOLUTIONS.

[Adopted in Independence Hall, Philadelphia, June 17, 1915.]

Throughout 5,000 years of recorded history, peace, here and
there established, has been kept, and its area has been
widened, in one way only. Individuals have combined their
efforts to suppress violence in the local community.
Communities have co-operated to maintain the authoritative
state and to preserve peace within its borders. States have
formed leagues or confederations or have otherwise
co-operated to establish peace among themselves. Always
peace has been made and kept, when made and kept at all, by
the superior power of superior numbers acting in unity for
the common good.

Mindful of this teaching of experience, we believe and
solemnly urge that the time has come to devise and to create
a working union of sovereign nations to establish peace
among themselves and to guarantee it by all known and
available sanctions at their command, to the end that
civilization may be conserved, and the progress of mankind
in comfort, enlightenment, and happiness may continue.

We, therefore, believe it to be desirable for the United
States to join a league of nations binding the signatories
to the following:

1. All justiciable questions arising between the signatory
powers, not settled by negotiations, shall, subject to the
limitations of treaties, be submitted to a judicial tribunal
for hearing and judgment, both upon the merits and upon any
issue as to its jurisdiction of the question.

2. All other questions arising between the signatories and
not settled by negotiation shall be submitted to a Council
of Conciliation for hearing, consideration, and
recommendation.

3. The signatory powers shall jointly use forthwith both
their economic and military forces against any one of their
number that goes to war, or commits acts of hostility,
against another of the signatories before any question
ari