has settled the question as to whether a country is better
off and more prosperous, and more powerful, and more ready for war,
that is filled with industries, or one that depends simply upon
the production of raw material.

There is another thing in this connection that should never be
forgotten--at least, not until after the election in November, and
then if forgotten, should be remembered at every subsequent election
--and that is, that the Southern Confederacy had in its Constitution
the doctrine of free trade. Among other things it was fighting
for free trade. As a matter of fact, John C. Calhoun was fighting
for free trade; the nullification business was in the interest of
free trade.

The Southern people are endeavoring simply to accomplish, with the
aid of New York, what they failed to accomplish on the field. The
South is as "solid" to-day as in 1863. It is now for free trade,
and it purposes to carry the day by the aid of one or two Northern
States. History is repeating itself. It was the same for many
years, up to the election of Abraham Lincoln.

Understand me, I do not blame the South for acting in accordance
with its convictions, but the North ought not to be misled. The
North ought to understand what the issue is. The South has a
different idea of government--it is afraid of what it calls
"centralization"--it is extremely sensitive about what are called
"State Rights" or the sovereignty of the State. But the North
believes in a Union that is united. The North does not expect to
have any interest antagonistic to the Union. The North has no
mental reservation. The North believes in the Government and in
the Federal system, and the North believes that when a State is
admitted into the Union it becomes a part--an integral part--of
the Nation; that there was a welding, that the State, so far as
sovereignty is concerned, is lost in the Union, and that the people
of that State become citizens of the whole country.

_Question_. I see that by the vote two of the five Democrats who
voted for protection, and one of the two Republicans who voted for
free trade, were New Yorkers. What do you think is the significance
of this fact in relation to the question as to whether New York
will join the South in the opposition to the industries of the
country?

_Answer_. In the city of New York there are a vast number of men
--importers, dealers in foreign articles, representatives of foreign
houses, of f