ow these stone-quarries were
discovered. Pixodorus was a shepherd who lived in that vicinity. When
the people of Ephesus were planning to build the temple of Diana in
marble, and debating whether to get the marble from Paros, Proconnesus,
Heraclea, or Thasos, Pixodorus drove out his sheep and was feeding his
flock in that very spot. Then two rams ran at each other, and, each
passing the other, one of them, after his charge, struck his horns
against a rock, from which a fragment of extremely white colour was
dislodged. So it is said that Pixodorus left his sheep in the mountains
and ran down to Ephesus carrying the fragment, since that very thing was
the question of the moment. Therefore they immediately decreed honours
to him and changed his name, so that instead of Pixodorus he should be
called Evangelus. And to this day the chief magistrate goes out to that
very spot every month and offers sacrifice to him, and if he does not,
he is punished.

CHAPTER III

THE ELEMENTS OF MOTION

1. I have briefly set forth what I thought necessary about the
principles of hoisting machines. In them two different things, unlike
each other, work together, as elements of their motion and power, to
produce these effects. One of them is the right line, which the Greeks
term [Greek: eutheia]; the other is the circle, which the Greeks call
[Greek: kyklote]; but in point of fact, neither rectilinear without
circular motion, nor revolutions, without rectilinear motion, can
accomplish the raising of loads. I will explain this, so that it may be
understood.

2. As centres, axles are inserted into the sheaves, and these are
fastened in the blocks; a rope carried over the sheaves, drawn straight
down, and fastened to a windlass, causes the load to move upward from
its place as the handspikes are turned. The pivots of this windlass,
lying as centres in right lines in its socket-pieces, and the handspikes
inserted in its holes, make the load rise when the ends of the windlass
revolve in a circle like a lathe. Just so, when an iron lever is applied
to a weight which a great many hands cannot move, with the fulcrum,
which the Greeks call [Greek: hupomochlion], lying as a centre in a
right line under the lever, and with the tongue of the lever placed
under the weight, one man's strength, bearing down upon the head of it,
heaves up the weight.

3. For, as the shorter fore part of the lever goes under the weight from
the fulcrum that forms