avic provinces under Turkish rule and saw the day when nearly all of
them were free.

Russia is a country of vast territory, enormous population, and
unbounded natural resources. But before the war it had no experience in
self-government. Its land and mineral resources were not used for
national purposes. A small governing class, with the Czar at the head,
controlled its tremendous powers and wealth. Naturally, when an
insurrection is successful against such a government, the people lose
all self-control and go to great extremes. Liberty and self-government
succeed only when all the people are willing to abide by the laws made
by the majority. May this time soon come for Russia!

SUGGESTIONS FOR STUDY.--1. Look up facts concerning
Napoleon Bonaparte, Gladstone, Bismarck, Cavour, Garibaldi,
Victor Emmanuel I. 2. On outline maps of the world show the
principal colonial possessions of Great Britain, France,
Germany, Italy, Belgium, and Holland. 3. Show on an outline
map of Europe the location of peoples that had not attained
to national independence before 1914. 4. Compare the size and
population of the European countries with your own state in
the American Union. 5. How far did the people in European
countries possess a share in their government in 1914? 6.
Look up in detail the government of Germany.

REFERENCES.--For facts such as those mentioned above see
the _World Almanac_, the _Statesman's Yearbook_, and any good
encyclopedia. For Germany, see Hazen, _The Government of
Germany_, published by the Committee on Public Information,
Washington, D.C.[1] Reference may also be made to Harding's
_New Medieval and Modern History_ or to other histories of
Europe.

FOOTNOTES:

[1] Hereafter the publications of the Committee on Public Information
are indicated as follows: (C.P.I.).

CHAPTER II

WHY GERMANY WANTED WAR

It would be impossible to make a list of all the causes which led
Germany from time to time to take such action as would tend to force war
on one or another of the nations of Europe. For besides questions of
national honor or of national rights there were the writings of German
philosophers, historians, and scientists, a great majority of whom
maintained that war was a necessity if men were to continue to live in
large groups or societies. These writers were chiefly Prussian, but
Prussia, including more than half of German