dded many 'mixed castes,' as well as 'outcasts,' and
natural pariahs. At the time of Manu's code there were
already many of these half-assimilated groups.]

[Footnote 31: Theoretically, twenty-one; but an extra one
has slipped in by mistake.]

[Footnote 32: The girl is given or bought, or may make her
own choice among different suitors. Buying a wife is
reprehended by the early law-givers (therefore, customary).
The rite of marriage presupposes a grown girl, but
child-marriages also were known to the early law.]

[Footnote 33: The groom 'releases her from Varuna's fetter,'
by symbolically loosening the hair. They step northeast, and
he says: 'One step for sap; two for strength; three for
riches; four for luck; five for children; six for the
seasons; seven for friendship. Be true to me--may we have
many long-lived sons.']

[Footnote 34: There is another funeral hymn, X. 16, in which
the Fire is invoked to burn the dead, and bear him to the
fathers; his corporeal parts being distributed 'eye to the
sun, breath to the wind,' etc.]

[Footnote 35: See below.]

[Footnote 36: Compare Weber, _Streifen_, I. 66; The king's
first wife lies with a dead victim, and is bid to come back
again to life. Levirate marriage is known to all the codes,
but it is reprehended by the same code that enjoins it. (M.
ix. 65.)]

[Footnote 37: The ordeal is called _divyam_
(_pram[=a][n.]am_) 'Gottesurtheil.' This means of
information is employed especially in a disputed debt and
deposit, and according to the formal code is to be applied
only in the absence of witnesses. The code also restricts
the use of fire, water, and poison to the slaves (Y[=a]j.
ii. 98).]

[Footnote 38: Kaegi. _Alter und Herkunft des Germanischen
Gottesurtheils_, p. 50. We call especial attention to the
fact that the most striking coincidences in details of
practice are not early either in India or Germany.]

[Footnote 39: Schlagintweit, _Die Gattesurtheile der
Indier_, p. 24.]

[Footnote 40: This is the earliest formula. Later law-books
describe the length and strength of the bow, and some even
give the measure of distance to which the arrow must be
shot. Two runners, one to go and one to return, are
sometimes allowed. There is another water-ordeal "