ncrease. Thus Linstow
has pointed out that the general typhoid state, and the fatty
degeneration of liver and kidneys, that is of organs which the Trichina
does not reach, necessitate the assumption of a poisonous substance. And
in several varieties of Ankylostoma as well, there is distinct evidence
of the production of a poison. We gather from Husemann's article on
"animal poisons" (Eulenberg's _Realenencyclopoedie_ 1867) that just as
Ankylostomum in man produces the well-known severe anaemia, so
Ankylostomum trigonocephalum in the dog, and Ankylostomum perniciosum
in the tiger, causes analogous general effects.

Bothriocephalus latus too is now generally accredited with the
production of a definite toxic substance; and the common tapeworm even,
by no means infrequently brings about injuries to the body which are to
be referred to the action of a poison.

So much follows from these observations, that the tapeworms can not only
absorb but also can give out substances that are absorbed from the
intestine of the host, and are able to bring about distant effects. One
expression of these distant actions is, as Leichtenstern insists, the
eosinophilia of the blood. We do not think we should assume on the
evidence before us, that the substance which attracts the eosinophil
cells is identical with the cause of the anaemia. Many observations, the
absence, for example, of eosinophilia in Bothriocephalus anaemia
(Schauman), render probable the existence of two different functions. In
any case the substance causing the eosinophilia is more widely
distributed than that to which the anaemic condition is due.

Leukaemia.

("Mixed leucocytosis.")

In spite of the enormous extent of the haematological observations of the
last decennia, of which a very considerable portion deals with the
problem of leukaemia, the literature shews many obscurities and
misconceptions, even on important fundamental ideas. This is especially
the case with the weighty question of the distinction between various
forms of leukaemia.

From the purely clinical standpoint it is usual to describe a lienal, a
lienomedullary, and a pure medullary (myelogenic) form of leukaemia. But
the distinguishing characteristics in this classification are crude and
purely external, and they find no place in haematology.

Neumann first shewed that the lymphoid proliferation in lymphatic anaemia
is not confined to the lymph glands, but may extend to the spleen and
bone-m