nerve offered
every chance for implication of the latter in the resulting cicatrix.
This sequence was often observed, and its symptoms are described under
the heading of secondary implication below. Equally striking were the
instances of concussion in the case of the nerves of special sense and
their end organs, temporary loss of smell, vision, or hearing being not
uncommon, often passing off in the course of a few days with no apparent
ulterior ill-effect.

One of the most interesting illustrations of the occurrence of
concussion was furnished by cases in which complete paralysis of a limb
rapidly cleared up with the exception of that corresponding to a single
individual nerve of the complex apparently originally implicated.
Instances of severe contusion or division of one nerve of the arm, for
instance, accompanied by transient signs of concussion of varying
degrees of severity in all the others, were by no means uncommon.

_Contusion_.--The symptoms of contusion were somewhat less simple,
since, in addition to lowering or loss of function, signs of irritation
were often observed. In the slighter cases irritation was often a marked
feature, as was evidenced by hyperaesthesia and pain combined with loss
of power. In cases in which pain and hyperaesthesia were primary
symptoms, these were often transitory. I will quote an illustrative case
which, though affecting the nerve roots, is characteristic of the
effects of slight contusion in the case of the nerve trunks in any part
of their course:--

(107) _Contusion of cervical nerve roots_.--Range probably
about 1,000 yards. Wounded at Belmont. Aperture of _entry_
(Lee-Metford), immediately posterior to the right fifth
cervical transverse process; _exit_, immediately anterior to
the space between the third and fourth left cervical transverse
processes. The movements of the neck were perfect, there was
neither pain nor difficulty in swallowing. Extreme
hyperaesthesia was present in both palms and down the front of
the forearms. The grip in either hand was weak, this being
possibly explained in part by the hyperaesthesia of the palms,
as all movements of the upper extremities could be made,
although not with full power. On the fourth day the condition
was much improved on the left side, and at the end of a week
the left upper extremity was normal; the right (side of entry,
and therefore exposed to