f flint, and a disc
of porphyry were also obtained. Several mineral substances,
quartzite, rubble-stones, gravel, ochre, a sinter-heap--these are
less interesting than the seven amber beads which, with some
charcoal, completes the list of objects found. Referring to former
investigations of galleried mounds [_gangbauten_], which seem to
have been used in some cases as burying-places, in others as
dwellings, Dr. Wibel observes, in answer to the question resulting
from his discovery, as to whether the Denghoog ought to be regarded
as a sepulchre or as a dwelling, that, as Nilsson has already said,
all gallery-mounds were originally dwellings, and occasionally
became utilised as tombs. In the case of the Denghoog, this fact is
demonstrated by the fireplace, the scattered potsherds, the amber
beads, &c."

[Footnote 93: _Heligoland_, Edin. and Lond., 1888, pp. 84-85.]

Of the little woodcut which forms the Tailpiece of this volume, it is
hardly necessary to say that it represents some popular ideas regarding
"the little people." The woodcut of which this is a facsimile is one of
those contained in the eighteenth-century chap-book, "_Round about our
Coal Fire_; or, Christmas Entertainments," and it heads the chapter "_Of
Fairies, their Use and Dignity_." "They generally came out of a
Mole-hill," it is said; "they had fine Musick always among themselves,
and Danced in a Moonshiny Night around, or in a Ring as one may see at
this Day upon every Common in _England_, where Mushroones [_sic_] grow,"
The size of the mushroom, so elegantly depicted in the foreground, is
quite on a scale suitable to the stature ultimately accorded to the
little people in many districts; so also is the mole-hill. But the tree,
and the Satanic head in the foliage, are curiously out of proportion.

* * * * *

An examination of these various diagrams will show that the more
primitive of those structures were obviously built by a small-sized
race; some of the passages being quite impassable to large men of the
present day. This peculiarity was noticed by Scott when visiting the
"brochs" of Shetland, a kindred class of structures (none of which are
here shown). "These Duns or Picts' Castles are so small," he says,
writing in his Diary in August 1814, "it is impossible to conceive what
effectual purpose they could serve excepting a temporary refuge for the