with. The two
following examples are exceedingly interesting, as being among the best
illustrations of counting by twenties that are to be found anywhere in the
Old World.

TSCHUKSCHI.[352]

10. migitken = both hands.
20. chlik-kin = a whole man.
30. chlikkin mingitkin parol = 20 + 10.
40. nirach chlikkin = 2 x 20.
100. milin chlikkin = 5 x 20.
200. mingit chlikkin = 10 x 20, _i.e._ 10 men.
1000. miligen chlin-chlikkin = 5 x 200, _i.e._ five (times) 10 men.

AINO.[353]

10. wambi.
20. choz.
30. wambi i-doehoz = 10 from 40.
40. tochoz = 2 x 20.
50. wambi i-richoz = 10 from 60.
60. rechoz = 3 x 20.
70. wambi [i?] inichoz = 10 from 80.
80. inichoz = 4 x 20.
90. wambi aschikinichoz = 10 from 100.
100. aschikinichoz = 5 x 20.
110. wambi juwanochoz = 10 from 120.
120. juwano choz = 6 x 20.
130. wambi aruwanochoz = 10 from 140.
140. aruwano choz = 7 x 20.
150. wambi tubischano choz = 10 from 160.
160. tubischano choz = 8 x 20.
170. wambi schnebischano choz = 10 from 180.
180. schnebischano choz = 9 x 20.
190. wambi schnewano choz = 10 from 200.
200. schnewano choz = 10 x 20.
300. aschikinichoz i gaschima chnewano choz = 5 x 20 + 10 x 20.
400. toschnewano choz = 2 x (10 x 20).
500. aschikinichoz i gaschima toschnewano choz = 100 + 400.
600. reschiniwano choz = 3 x 200.
700. aschikinichoz i gaschima reschiniwano choz = 100 + 600.
800. inischiniwano choz = 4 x 200.
900. aschikinichoz i gaschima inischiniwano choz = 100 + 800.
1000. aschikini schinewano choz = 5 x 200.
2000. wanu schinewano choz = 10 x (10 x 20).

This scale is in one sense wholly vigesimal, and in another way it is not
to be regarded as pure, but as mixed. Below 20 it is quinary, and, however
far it might be extended, this quinary element would remain, making the
scale quinary-vigesimal. But in another sense, also, the Aino system is not
pure. In any unmixed vigesimal scale the word for 400 must be a simple
word, and that number must be taken as the vigesimal unit corresponding to
100 in the decimal scale. But the Ainos have no simple numeral word for any
number above 20, forming all higher numbers by combinations through one or
more of the processes of ad