risis Biographies". Most of the remaining
biographies of the period, whether Northern or Southern, are either too
superficial or too partisan to be recommended for general use. Almost
alone in their way are the delightful "Confederate Portraits", by
Gamaliel Bradford (1914), and the same author's "Union Portraits"
(1916).

Upon conditions in the North during the war there is a vast amount of
material; but little is accessible to the general reader. A book of
great value is Emerson Fite's Social and Industrial Conditions in
the North during the Civil War (1910). Out of unnumbered books of
reminiscence, one stands forth for the sincerity of its disinterested,
if sharp, observation--W. H. Russell's "My Diary North and South"
(1868). Two newspapers are invaluable: The "New York Tribune" for a
version of events as seen by the war party, "The New York Herald" for
the opposite point of view; the Chicago papers are also important,
chiefly the "Times" and "Tribune"; the "Republican "of Springfield,
Mass., had begun its distinguished career, while the "Journal" and
"Advertiser" of Boston revealed Eastern New England. For the Southern
point of view, no papers are more important than the Richmond
"Examiner", the Charleston "Mercury", and the New Orleans "Picayune".
Financial and economic problems are well summed up in D. R. Dewey's
"Financial History of the United States" (3d edition, 1907), and in
E. P. Oberholzer's "Jay Cooks", 2 vols. (1907). Foreign affairs
are summarized adequately in C. F. Adams's "Charles Francis Adams"
("American Statesmen Series", 1900), John Bigelow's "France and the
Confederate Navy" (1888), A. P. Martin's "Maximilian in Mexico" (1914),
and John Bassett Moore's "Digest of International Law", 8 vols. (1906).

The documents of the period ranging from newspapers to presidential
messages are not likely to be considered by the general reader, but if
given a fair chance will prove fascinating. Besides the biographical
edition of Lincoln's Writings, should be named, first of all, "The
Congressional Globe" for debates in Congress; the "Statutes at Large";
the "Executive Documents", published by the Government and containing a
great number of reports; and the enormous collection issued by the
War Department under the title "Official Records of the Union and
Confederate Armies", 128 vols. (1880-1901), especially the groups of
volumes known as second and third series.

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