m, Zaire 217 km
Coastline:
0 km (landlocked)
Maritime claims:
none; landlocked
International disputes:
none
Climate:
temperate; two rainy seasons (February to April, November to January); mild
in mountains with frost and snow possible
Terrain:
mostly grassy uplands and hills; mountains in west
Natural resources:
gold, cassiterite (tin ore), wolframite (tungsten ore), natural gas,
hydropower
Land use:
arable land:
29%
permanent crops: 11%
meadows and pastures:
18%
forest and woodland:
10%
other:
32%
Irrigated land:
40 km2 (1989 est.)
Environment:
deforestation; overgrazing; soil exhaustion; soil erosion; periodic droughts
Note:
landlocked

*Rwanda, People

Population:
8,139,272 (July 1993 est.)
Population growth rate:
2.9% (1993 est.)
Birth rate:
49.92 births/1,000 population (1993 est.)
Death rate:
20.87 deaths/1,000 population (1993 est.)
Net migration rate:
0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1993 est.)
Infant mortality rate:
119.4 deaths/1,000 live births (1993 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
total population:
41.23 years
male:
40.2 years
female:
42.28 years (1993 est.)
Total fertility rate:
8.27 children born/woman (1993 est.)
Nationality:
noun:
Rwandan(s)
adjective:
Rwandan
Ethnic divisions:
Hutu 90%, Tutsi 9%, Twa (Pygmoid) 1%
Religions:
Roman Catholic 65%, Protestant 9%, Muslim 1%, indigenous beliefs and other
25%
Languages:
Kinyarwanda (official), French (official), Kiswahili used in commercial
centers
Literacy:
age 15 and over can read and write (1990)
total population:
50% male:
64%
female:
37%
Labor force:
3.6 million
by occupation:
agriculture 93%, government and services 5%, industry and commerce 2%
note:
49% of population of working age (1985)

*Rwanda, Government

Names:
conventional long form:
Republic of Rwanda
conventional short form:
Rwanda
local long form:
Republika y'u Rwanda
local short form:
Rwanda
Digraph:
RW
Type:
republic; presidential system
note:
a new, all-party transitional government is to assume office later this
year, replacing the current MRND-dominated coalition
Capital:
Kigali
Administrative divisions:
10 prefectures (prefectures, singular - prefecture in French; plural - NA,
singular - prefegitura in Kinyarwanda); Butare, Byumba, Cyangugu, Gikongoro,
Gisenyi, Gitarama, Kibungo, Kibuye, Kigali, Ruheng