at the Lime be first well Quench'd, and that it be
kept a long time, to the end that if there be any Piece of it that is
not well burnt in the Kiln, it may, being extinguished at leasure,
soften as well as the rest. This is of Great Importance particularly in
Plastering and Works of _Stuck_, which is a Composition of Marble finely
beaten with Lime. For if any little Pieces remain that are not well
baked, when they come to be made use of, they crack and break the Work.

[Sidenote: _Lib. 7. Chap. 3._]

The way to know whether the Lime be well Quench'd, is thus: You may
thrust a Chip of Wood into it or a Knife, and if the Chip of Wood meet
with any Stones, or that the Knife comes out clean without any sticking
to it, it signifies the Lime was not will burnt; for when 'tis well
Quench'd, it is Fat and will stick to the Knife; but the quite contrary
happens to Mortar, for it is neither well prepar'd, nor well mix'd, if
it stick to the Trowel.

[Sidenote: _Lib. 2. Chap. 4._]

For to make the right use of Sand, you must first consider what it is to
be employ'd in; for if it be Mortar for Plastring, you must not make use
of Sand that was lately dug out, for it drys the Mortar too fast, which
cracks the Plastring; but quite contrary if it be to be employ'd in
Masonry, it must not have been a long time expos'd to the Air, for the
Sun and the Moon do so alter it, that the Rain dissolves it, and turns
it almost all into Earth.

[Sidenote: _Lib. 2. Chap. 5._]

The Proportion that Sand and Lime ought to have to make good Mortar,
should be three parts of Sand that is dug, or two parts of River-Sand or
Sea-Sand against one of Lime, and 'twill be yet much better, if you add
to the Sand of the Sea and the River a third part of Tiles well beaten.

[Sidenote: _Lib. 7. Chap. 3._]

One of the Principal Things that is to be observ'd in making Mortar, is,
to mix it well. The Grecian Workmen were so careful of this, that they
Tewed it a great while, putting Ten Men to every Vessel wherein they
wrought it, which gave so great a hardness to the Mortar, that when any
big pieces of Plaster fell off the Old Walls, they made Tables of it.

ART. III.

_Of the Foundation._

[Sidenote: _Lib. 6. Chap. 11._]

The Foundation is the most important part of the Fabrick; for the Faults
committed in it cannot be so easily remedied as in other parts.

[Sidenote: _Lib. 1. Chap. 5._]

To lay the Foundation well, you must dig till you come to s