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u Harbor, Yandina Somalia Boosaaso, Berbera, Kismaayo, Merca, Mogadishu South Africa Cape Town, Durban, East London, Port Elizabeth, Richards Bay, Saldanha Bay South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands Grytviken Southern Ocean McMurdo, Palmer, and offshore anchorages in Antarctica note: few ports or harbors exist on southern side of Southern Ocean; ice conditions limit use of most to short periods in midsummer; even then some cannot be entered without icebreaker escort; most Antarctic ports are operated by government research stations and, except in an emergency, are not open to commercial or private vessels; vessels in any port south of 60 degrees south are subject to inspection by Antarctic Treaty observers (see Article 7); The Hydrographic Committee on Antarctica (HCA), a special hydrographic commission of International Hydrographic Organization (IHO), is responsible for hydrographic surveying and nautical charting matters in Antarctic Treaty area; it coordinates and facilitates provision of accurate and appropriate charts and other aids to navigation in support of safety of navigation in region; membership of HCA is open to any IHO Member State whose government has acceded to the Antarctic Treaty and which contributes resources and/or data to IHO Chart coverage of the area; members of HCA are Argentina, Australia, Chile, China, France, Germany, Greece, India, Italy, NZ, Norway, Russia, South Africa, Spain, and the UK (2005) Spain Algeciras, Barcelona, Cartagena, Gijon, Huelva, La Coruna, Tarragona, Valencia Spratly Islands none; offshore anchorage only Sri Lanka Colombo, Galle Sudan Port Sudan Suriname Paramaribo Svalbard Barentsburg, Longyearbyen, Ny-Alesund, Pyramiden Sweden Goteborg, Helsingborg, Karlshamn, Lulea, Malmo, Oxelosund, Stenungsund, Stockholm, Trelleborg Switzerland Basel Syria Baniyas, Latakia Taiwan Chi-lung (Keelung), Hua-lien, Kao-hsiung, Su-ao, T'ai-chung Tanzania Dar es Salaam, Mtwara, Zanzibar City Thailand Bangkok, Laem Chabang, Prachuap Port, Si Racha Togo Kpeme, Lome Tokelau none; offshore anchorage only Tonga Nuku'alofa Trinidad and Tobago Pointe-a-Pierre, Point Lisas, Port-of-Spain Tromelin Island none; offshore anchorage only Tunisia Bizerte, Gabes, La Goulette, Skhira Turkey Aliaga, Ambarli, Eregli, Haydarpasa, Istanbul,
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