06 est.)

Imports - commodities:
machinery and equipment, chemicals, foodstuffs

Imports - partners:
UAE 12.7%, Azerbaijan 11.1%, US 9.6%, Russia 9.1%, Ukraine 7.6%,
Turkey 7.3%, Iran 6.2%, Germany 5.4% (2005)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
$3.518 billion (2006 est.)

Debt - external:
$2.4 billion to $5 billion (2001 est.)

Economic aid - recipient:
$16 million from the US (2001)

Currency (code):
Turkmen manat (TMM)

Currency code:
TMM

Exchange rates:
11,100 (2006), in recent years the unofficial rate has hovered
around 24,000 to 25,000 Turkmen manats to the dollar; the official
rate has consistently been 5,200 manat to the dollar

Fiscal year:
calendar year

Communications Turkmenistan

Telephones - main lines in use:
495,000 (2006)

Telephones - mobile cellular:
52,000 (2004)

Telephone system:
general assessment: poorly developed
domestic: Turkmenistan's telecommunications network remains woefully
underdeveloped; Turkmentelekom, in cooperation with foreign
investors, is planning to upgrade the country's telephone exchanges
and install a new digital switching system
international: country code - 993; linked by cable and microwave
radio relay to other CIS republics and to other countries by leased
connections to the Moscow international gateway switch; a new
telephone link from Ashgabat to Iran has been established; a new
exchange in Ashgabat switches international traffic through Turkey
via Intelsat; satellite earth stations - 1 Orbita and 1 Intelsat

Radio broadcast stations:
AM 16, FM 8, shortwave 2 (1998)

Radios:
1.225 million (1997)

Television broadcast stations:
4 (government owned and programmed) (2004)

Televisions:
820,000 (1997)

Internet country code:
.tm

Internet hosts:
585 (2006)

Internet Service Providers (ISPs):
1

Internet users:
36,000 (2005)

Transportation Turkmenistan

Airports:
29 (2006)

Airports - with paved runways:
total: 22
over 3,047 m: 1
2,438 to 3,047 m: 11
1,524 to 2,437 m: 8
914 to 1,523 m: 2 (2006)

Airports - with unpaved runways:
total: 7
1,524 to 2,437 m: 2
914 to 1,523 m: 1
under 914 m: 4 (2006)

Heliports:
1 (2006)

Pipelines:
gas 6,441 km; oil 1,361 km (2006)

Railways:
total: 2,440 km
broad gauge: 2,440 km 1.520-m gauge (2005)

Roadways:
total: 24,000 km
paved: 19,488 km
unpaved: 4,512 km (1999