s:
1,200 km (2005)

Merchant marine:
total: 545 ships (1000 GRT or over) 4,772,864 GRT/7,313,070 DWT
by type: bulk carrier 109, cargo 239, chemical tanker 50, container
24, liquefied gas 6, passenger 4, passenger/cargo 50, petroleum
tanker 36, refrigerated cargo 1, roll on/roll off 24, specialized
tanker 2
foreign-owned: 7 (Cyprus 2, Germany 1, Italy 3, Switzerland 1)
registered in other countries: 411 (Albania 1, Antigua and Barbuda
8, Bahamas 8, Belize 11, Cambodia 26, Comoros 11, Dominica 3,
Georgia 30, Isle of Man 3, North Korea 4, Liberia 1, Libya 2, Malta
123, Marshall Islands 20, Netherlands Antilles 9, Panama 42, Russia
63, Saint Kitts and Nevis 6, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 25,
Slovakia 8, Tuvalu 2, UK 2, unknown 3) (2006)

Ports and terminals:
Aliaga, Ambarli, Eregli, Haydarpasa, Istanbul, Izmir, Kocaeli
(Izmit), Toros

Military Turkey

Military branches:
Turkish Armed Forces (TSK): Land Forces, Turkish Naval Forces (Turk
Deniz Kuvvetleri, TDK; includes naval air and naval infantry),
Turkish Air Force (Turk Hava Kuvvetleri, THK) (2006)

Military service age and obligation:
20 years of age (2004)

Manpower available for military service:
males age 20-49: 16,756,323
females age 20-49: 16,051,706 (2005 est.)

Manpower fit for military service:
males age 20-49: 13,905,901
females age 20-49: 13,335,812 (2005 est.)

Manpower reaching military service age annually:
males age 18-49: 679,734
females age 20-49: 659,090 (2005 est.)

Military expenditures - dollar figure:
$12.155 billion (2003)

Military expenditures - percent of GDP:
5.3% (2003)

Military - note:
in the early 1990s, the Turkish Land Force was a large but badly
equipped infantry force; there were 14 infantry divisions, but only
one was mechanized, and out of 16 infantry brigades, only six were
mechanized; the overhaul that has taken place since has produced
highly mobile forces with greatly enhanced firepower in accordance
with NATO's new strategic concept (2005)

Transnational Issues Turkey

Disputes - international:
complex maritime, air, and territorial disputes with Greece in the
Aegean Sea; status of north Cyprus question remains; Syria and Iraq
protest Turkish hydrological projects to control upper Euphrates
waters; Turkey has expressed concern over the status of Kurds in
Iraq; border with Armenia remains closed over Nagorno-Karabakh

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