by type: bulk carrier 8, cargo 49, passenger/cargo 1, roll on/roll
off 3
foreign-owned: 49 (China 4, Japan 1, North Korea 3, Lebanon 1,
Malaysia 1, Russia 13, Singapore 10, Syria 1, Thailand 1, UAE 5,
Ukraine 1, Vietnam 8) (2006)

Military Mongolia

Military branches:
Mongolian People's Army (MPA), Mongolian People's Air Force (MPAF);
there is no navy (2005)

Military service age and obligation:
18-25 years of age for compulsory military service; conscript
service obligation - 12 months in land or air defense forces or
police; a small portion of Mongolian land forces (2.5 percent) is
comprised of contract soldiers; women cannot be deployed overseas
for military operations (2006)

Manpower available for military service:
males age 18-49: 736,182
females age 18-49: 734,679 (2005 est.)

Manpower fit for military service:
males age 18-49: 570,435
females age 18-49: 607,918 (2005 est.)

Manpower reaching military service age annually:
males age 18-49: 34,674
females age 18-49: 34,251 (2005 est.)

Military expenditures - dollar figure:
$23.1 million (FY02)

Military expenditures - percent of GDP:
2.2% (FY02)

Transnational Issues Mongolia

Disputes - international:
none

This page was last updated on 8 February, 2007

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@Montenegro

Introduction Montenegro

Background:
The use of the name Montenegro began in the 15th century when the
Crnojevic dynasty began to rule the Serbian principality of Zeta;
over subsequent centuries Montenegro was able to maintain its
independence from the Ottoman Empire. From the 16th to 19th
centuries, Montenegro became a theocracy ruled by a series of bishop
princes; in 1852, it was transformed into a secular principality.
After World War I, Montenegro was absorbed by the Kingdom of Serbs,
Croats, and Slovenes, which became the Kingdom of Yugoslavia in
1929; at the conclusion of World War II, it became a constituent
republic of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. When the
latter dissolved in 1992, Montenegro federated with Serbia, first as
the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and, after 2003, in a looser
union of Serbia and Montenegro. In May 2006, Montenegro invoked its
right under the Constitutional Charter of Serbia and Montenegro to
hold a referendum on independence from the state union. The vote fo