rg not likely
to be received, 182;
it was an original American civilization, 184;
may have begun in South America, 185, 246, 272-3.

Orton, Prof., on Peruvian antiquity, 273, 274.

Pacific islands, their antiquities, 288-92.

Palenque, Stephens's first view of, 100;
this city's name unknown, 104;
supposed to have been the ancient Xibalba, 199;
some of its ruins described, 105-9;
extent of the old city can not be determined, 96, 105;
difficulties of exploration, 105, 110;
the cross at Palenque, 109;
aqueduct, 105.

Papantla, its remarkable stone pyramid, 91, 92;
important ruins in the forests of Papantla and Misantla, 91.

Paper, Peruvian name of, 267;
manufacture of, for writing, proscribed in the second period of
Peruvian history, 267.

Peruvian ancient history, 257-67.

Peruvian civilization, 246;
differed from Central American, 222-3, 246;
is seen in the civil and industrial organization, 247;
in their agriculture, 247;
in their manufactures, 247-51;
their dyes, 247-8;
their skill in gold-work, 249;
the abundance of gold-work, 249-50;
their schools of the _amautas_, 253, 263;
their literature, 255;
anciently had the art of writing, 255, 267;
had names for iron, and said to have worked iron mines, 248-9.

Peruvian ruins, where found, 222, 237;
they represent two periods of civilization, 226;
remains on islands in Lake Titicaca, 227-8;
at Tiahuanaco, 233-4;
remarkable monolithic gateways, 233-4;
at old Huanuco, 239-40;
at Gran-Chimu, 237-8;
ruins of a large and populous city, 237;
Cuelap, 239;
Pachacamac, 243;
subterranean passage under a river, 243;
the aqueducts, 222, 237, 243;
the great roads, 243-6;
ruins at Cuzco, 234.

Phoenicians, or people of that race, came probably to America in very
ancient times, 172, 173;
decline of geographical knowledge around the AEgean after Phoenicia
was subjugated, about B.C. 813, 272-3;
supposed Phoenician symbols in Central America, 186;
Phoenician race may have influenced Central American civilization,
but did not originate it, 173, 185;
Tyrians storm-driven to America, 162, 163.

Pizarro seeks Peru, 224-5;
discovers the country, 225;
goes to Spain for aid, 225;
finally lands at Tumbez, 225;
marches to Caxamalca, 220;
perpetr