n session, to call forth and employ such numbers of
the militia of any other state or states most convenient thereto as
may be necessary; and the use of the militia so to be called forth
may be continued, if necessary, until the expiration of thirty days
after the commencement of the ensuing session; _Provided always_,
that whenever it may be necessary in the judgment of the president
to use the military force hereby directed to be called forth, the
president shall forthwith, and previous thereto, by proclamation,
command such insurgents to disperse, and retire peaceably to their
respective abodes within a limited time:' and whereas, James
Wilson, an associate justice, on the fourth instant, by writing
under his hand, did, from evidence which had been laid before him,
notify to me that 'in the counties of Washington and Alleghany, in
Pennsylvania, the laws of the United States are opposed, and the
execution thereof obstructed, by combinations too powerful to be
suppressed by the ordinary course of judicial proceedings, or by
the powers vested in the marshal of that district:'

"And whereas, it is in my judgment necessary, under the
circumstances of the case, to take measures for calling forth the
militia in order to suppress the combination aforesaid, and to
cause the laws to be duly executed; and I have accordingly
determined so to do, feeling the deepest regret for the occasion,
but withal the most solemn conviction that the essential interests
of the Union demand it, that the very existence of government and
the fundamental principles of social order are materially involved
in the issue, and that the patriotism and firmness of all good
citizens are seriously called upon as occasion may require, to aid
in the effectual suppression of so fatal a spirit:

"Wherefore, and in pursuance of the provision above recited, I,
George Washington, president of the United States, do hereby
command all persons, being insurgents as aforesaid, and all others
whom it may concern, on or before the first day of September next,
to disperse and return peaceably to their respective abodes. And I
do moreover warn all persons whomsoever against aiding, abetting,
or comforting, the perpetrators of the aforesaid treasonable acts;
and do require all officers, and other citi