me representing plants of Europe, not found in the intervening hot
lowlands. A list of the genera collected on the loftier peaks of Java
raises a picture of a collection made on a hill in Europe! Still more
striking is the fact that southern Australian forms are clearly represented
by plants growing on the summits of the mountains of Borneo. Some of these
Australian forms, as I hear from Dr. Hooker, extend along the heights of
the peninsula of Malacca, and are thinly scattered, on the one hand over
India and on the other as far north as Japan.

On the southern mountains of Australia, Dr. F. Mueller has discovered
several European species; other species, not introduced by man, occur on
the lowlands; and a long list can be given, as I am informed by Dr. Hooker,
of European genera, found in Australia, but not in the intermediate torrid
regions. In the admirable 'Introduction to the Flora of New Zealand,' by
Dr. Hooker, analogous and striking facts are given in regard to the plants
of that large island. Hence we see that throughout the world, the plants
growing on the {376} more lofty mountains, and on the temperate lowlands of
the northern and southern hemispheres, are sometimes identically the same;
but they are much oftener specifically distinct, though related to each
other in a most remarkable manner.

This brief abstract applies to plants alone: some strictly analogous facts
could be given on the distribution of terrestrial animals. In marine
productions, similar cases occur; as an example, I may quote a remark by
the highest authority, Prof. Dana, that "it is certainly a wonderful fact
that New Zealand should have a closer resemblance in its Crustacea to Great
Britain, its antipode, than to any other part of the world." Sir J.
Richardson, also, speaks of the reappearance on the shores of New Zealand,
Tasmania, &c., of northern forms of fish. Dr. Hooker informs me that
twenty-five species of Algae are common to New Zealand and to Europe, but
have not been found in the intermediate tropical seas.

It should be observed that the northern species and forms found in the
southern parts of the southern hemisphere, and on the mountain-ranges of
the intertropical regions, are not arctic, but belong to the northern
temperate zones. As Mr. H. C. Watson has recently remarked, "In receding
from polar towards equatorial latitudes, the Alpine or mountain floras
really become less and less arctic." Many of the forms living on the
m