are the Gnomes, who are
earth-spirits, and who seem to be a sorrowful race. I once saw
some of them distinctly on the side of Ben Bulbin. They had
rather round heads and dark thick-set bodies, and in stature were
about two and one-half feet. The Leprechauns are different, being
full of mischief, though they, too, are small. I followed a
Leprechaun from the town of Wicklow out to the Carraig Sidhe,
"Rock of the Fairies," a distance of half a mile or more, where
he disappeared. He had a very merry face, and beckoned to me with
his finger. A third class are the Little People, who, unlike the
Gnomes and Leprechauns, are quite good-looking; and they are very
small. The Good People are tall, beautiful beings, as tall as
ourselves.... They direct the magnetic currents of the earth. The
Gods are really the Tuatha De Danann, and they are much taller
than our race.'"

WENTZ: _Fairy-faith in Celtic Countries._

The sight of apparitions on Hallowe'en is believed to be fatal to
the beholder.

"One night my lady's soul walked along the wall like a cat. Long
Tom Bowman beheld her and that day week fell he into the well and
was drowned."

PYLE: _Priest and the Piper._

One version of the Jack-o'-lantern story comes from Ireland. A
stingy man named Jack was for his inhospitality barred from all
hope of heaven, and because of practical jokes on the Devil was
locked out of hell. Until the Judgment Day he is condemned to walk
the earth with a lantern to light his way.

The place of the old lord of the dead, the Tuatha god Saman, to
whom vigil was kept and prayers said on November Eve for the good
of departed souls, was taken in Christian times by St. Colomba or
Columb Kill, the founder of a monastery in Iona in the fifth
century. In the seventeenth century the Irish peasants went about
begging money and goodies for a feast, and demanding in the name of
Columb Kill that fatted calves and black sheep be prepared. In
place of the Druid fires, candles were collected and lighted on
Hallowe'en, and prayers for the souls of the givers said before
them. The name of Saman is kept in the title "Oidhche Shamhna,"
"vigil of Saman," by which the night of October 31st was until
recently called in Ireland.

There are no Hallowe'en bonfires in Ireland now, but charms and
tests are tried. Apples and nuts, the treasure of Pomona, figure
largely in the