ven;
and he was obliged to detach Sir George Carew to oppose their progress.
Tyrone, meanwhile, with Randal, Mac-Surley, Tirel, baron of Kelley, and
other chieftains of the Irish, had joined Ocampo with all their forces,
and were marching to the relief of Kinsale. The deputy, informed of
their design by intercepted letters, made preparations to receive them;
and being reenforced by Levison with six hundred marines, he posted his
troops on an advantageous ground, which lay on the passage of the enemy,
leaving some cavalry to prevent a sally from D'Aquila and the Spanish
garrison. When Tyrone, with a detachment of Irish and Spaniards,
approached, he was surprised to find the English so well posted, and
ranged in good order, and he immediately sounded a retreat: but the
deputy gave orders to pursue him; and having thrown these advanced
troops into disorder, he followed them to the main body, whom he
also attacked and put to flight, with the slaughter of twelve hundred
men.[**] Ocampo was taken prisoner; Tyrone fled into Ulster; O'Donnel
made his escape into Spain; and D'Aquila, finding himself reduced to the
greatest difficulties, was obliged to capitulate upon such terms as
the deputy prescribed to him; he surrendered Kinsale and Baltimore,
and agreed to evacuate the kingdom. This great blow, joined to other
successes gained by Wlimot, governor of Kerry, and by Roger and Gavin
Harvey, threw the rebels into dismay, and gave a prospect of the final
reduction of Ireland.

The Irish war, though successful, was extremely burdensome on the
queen's revenue; and besides the supplies granted by parliament,
which were indeed very small, but which they ever regarded as mighty
concessions, she had been obliged, notwithstanding her great frugality,
to employ other expedients, such as selling the royal demesnes and
crown jewels,[***] and exacting loans from the people,[****] in order
to support this cause, so essential to the honor and interests of
England.

* Camden, p. 645.

** Winwood, vol. i. p. 369.

*** D'Ewes, p. 629.

**** D'Ewes, p. 629.

The necessity of her affairs obliged her again to summon a parliament;
and it here appeared, that though old age was advancing fast upon her,
though she had lost much of her popularity by the unfortunate execution
of Essex, insomuch that when she appeared in public she was not attended
with the usual acclamations,[*] yet the powers of her prerogative,
supported by