not be used
more than once.

=COST OF BALING.=

If burlap covers are used the cost of baling, including covering, ties,
use of baling press, power, and labor will amount to at least 60 cents
per bale, or about $3.75 per ton. If chip-board can be used the cost may
be reduced to about $2 per ton. The cost of hauling and loading on the
cars will vary from $1 to $3 per ton, depending upon the distance and
the roads. The farmer must therefore receive from $4 to $6 per ton for
the hurds, baled, on board cars at his home station.

=SUMMARY.=

Hemp hurds are the woody inner portion of the hemp stalk, broken into
pieces in removing the fiber.

They are not used at present for any purpose that would compete with
their use for paper.

Hurds are available only from machine-broken hemp, for the cost of
collecting them from the hand brakes would be too great.

About 7,000 tons are now available in restricted localities in Ohio,
Indiana, Wisconsin, and California.

The quantity is likely to increase as the use of machine brakes
increases.

The hurds may be baled in hemp-fiber presses, with partial burlap covers
like those on cotton bales, or possibly chip-board covers.

It is estimated that the farmers may deliver the bales on board cars
profitably at $4 to $6 per ton.

THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER FROM HEMP HURDS.

By JASON L. MERRILL, _Paper-Plant Chemist, Paper-Plant Investigations_.

=INTRODUCTION.=

The purpose of this paper is to report upon preliminary tests which were
conducted to determine the paper-making value of hemp hurds, a crop
waste of the hemp-fiber industry.

The search for plant materials capable of being utilized in paper
manufacture is a comparatively recent but world-wide activity which has
for its object the husbanding of present sources of paper-stock supply
by the substitution of new materials for some of those which are rapidly
becoming less plentiful and more costly.

The abstract idea of utilizing that which is at present a waste can play
no important role in such activities, the successful commercial outcome
of which must be based on the three fundamental factors--market or
demand for product, satisfactory raw material, and cost.

Since hemp hurds are to be treated in this report as a raw material for
the manufacture of book and printing papers, the qualities, supply,
probable future, and cost of the material will be considered in
comparison with wood, with which it must co