interesting.]

[Footnote 22: Comp. Biese, _op. cit._]

[Footnote 23: Comp. _ad Paulinum_, epist. 19, _Monum. German._ v. 2.]

[Footnote 24: _Carm. nat. 7._]

[Footnote 25: _Ep._ xi.]

[Footnote 26: _Migne Patrol_ 60.]

[Footnote 27: _Migne Patrol_ 59.]

[Footnote 28: Ebert.]

[Footnote 29: Comp. Biese, _op. cit._]

[Footnote 30: Comp. Biese, _op. cit._]

[Footnote 31: _Migne Patrol_ 58.]

[Footnote 32: _Carm._ lib. i.]

[Footnote 33: _Amoenitas loci_: Variorum libri Lugduni, 1677.]

[Footnote 34: _Monum. Germ._, 4th ed., Leo, lib. viii.]

[Footnote 35: _Deutsche Rundschau_, 1882.]

[Footnote 36: _Monum. German Histor., poet. lat. medii aevi_, I.
Berlin 1881, ed. Duemmler. Alcuin, _Carmen_ 23.]

[Footnote 37: Zoeckler, _Geschichte der Beziehungen zwischen
Theologie und Naturwissenschaft_. 'On rocky crags by the sea, on
shores fringed by oak or beech woods, in the shady depths of forests,
on towering mountain tops, or on the banks of great rivers, one sees
the ruins or the still inhabited buildings which once served as the
dwellings of the monks who, with the cross as their only weapon, were
the pioneers of our modern culture. Their flight from the life of
traffic and bustle in the larger towns was by no means a flight from
the beauties of Nature.' The last statement is only partly true. In
the prime of the monastic era the beauties of Nature were held to be
a snare of the devil. Still, in choosing a site, beauty of position
was constantly referred to as an auxiliary motive. 'Bernhard loved
the valley,' 'but Bernhard chose mountains,' are significant
phrases.]

[Footnote 38: Comp. Grimm, _Deutsche Mythologie_, on the old Germanic
idea of a conflict between winter and spring.]

[Footnote 39: Duemmler, vi. _Carolus et Leo papa._]

[Footnote 40: Walahfridi Strabi, _De cultura hortorum_.]

[Footnote 41: Comp. H. von Eichen, _Geschichte und System der
mittelalterlichen Weltanschauung_. Stuttg. Cotta, 1887.]

CHAPTER III

[Footnote 1: Prutz, _Geschichte der Kreuzzuege_. Berlin, 1883.]

[Footnote 2: Allatius, _Symmicta_. Coeln, 1653.]

[Footnote 3: _Deutsche Pilgerreisen nach dem heiligen Lande_,
Roehricht und Meissner. Berlin, 1880.]

[Footnote 4: For excellent bibliographical evidence see _Die
geographische Kenntnis der Alpen im Mittelalter_ in supplement to
_Muenchner Allgem. Zeitung_, January 1885.]

[Footnote 5: Comp. Oehlmann, _Die Alpenpaesse im Mittelalter, Jahrbuch
fuer Schweizer_.]