ial assessment
is devoted by law to education.--James's "Tour through Sweden," p. 105.

In Flanders there are permanent funds, &c. for the sustentation of the
poor. Vide Radcliff's "Report on the Agriculture of Flanders." And there
are in the Netherlands seven great workhouses.

The Dutch poor laws do not differ much from our own.---Vide Macfarlan's
"Inquiries concerning the Poor," p. 218.

Even in Iceland, there is a provision for the poor.--Vide Han's
"Iceland." Also in Denmark.--Vide p. 292, Jacob's "Tracts on the Corn
Laws." In America there are poor laws.--Vide Dr. Dwight's "Travels,"
vol. iv. p. 326. In Scotland the English system is rapidly extending;
and where the poor laws are not introduced, there are a great many of
the miseries which are found in Ireland.--Vide "Evidence of A. Nimmo,
Esq. before the Lords' Committee on Ireland, 1824." This gentleman
thinks, that if they had been earlier introduced, Scotland would be now
a richer country. He also states, that the average expense of supporting
idle mendicants in Ireland, exceeds one million and a half annually, by
the contribution of more than a ton of potatoes from each farm house, to
encourage a system of licentious idleness, profligacy, insolence, and
plunder; and the grand jury presentments amount annually to a
million.--_Monthly Mag_.

* * * * *

In Turkey, nailing by the ears is an operation performed on bakers, for
selling light bread. There is a hole cut in the door for the back of
the culprit's head; the ears are then nailed to the panel; he is left
in this position till sunset, then released; and seldom sustains any
permanent injury from the punishment, except in his reputation. Perjury
is an offence which is so little thought of, that it is visited with
the mildest of all their punishments. The offender is set upon an ass,
with his face to the tail, and a label on his back, with the term
_scheat_ or perjurer. In this way he is led about to the great
amusement of the multitude, and even of his associates.

* * * * *

SCHOOL DAYS.

Linnaeus long retained an unpleasant recollection of his school days;[5]
it is common to call this period of human life, a happy one, but that
existence must have been very wretched, of which, the time passed at
school has been the happiest part; it is sufficiently apparent even
to superficial observers that the mind cannot, in early life, be
suff