s
of the Indians must have pleased them. But the men who sent out
this second expedition gave the balls little thought and certainly
no value. Since Columbus brought back no gold, he was thrown into
prison for debt, and he never imagined that, four hundred years
later, men would turn that strange, gummy tree juice into more
gold than King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella and all the princes of
Europe ever dreamed of.

In the next century after Columbus's travels the Portuguese
founded the colony of Brazil on the continent of South America.
Their settlements were near the coast and they did not begin to
explore the great Amazon region for a hundred years or so. The
journey down this great river--which Theodore Roosevelt took so
many years later--was first made by a Portuguese missionary, who
found the same kind of gummy tree juice as that of the West
Indies. But the natives along the Amazon had discovered that
besides being elastic it was waterproof, and they were making
shoes that would keep out water. You can picture a native boy
spilling some of this liquid on his foot, then covering it, as he
might with a mud pie, and when it dried wiggling his toes to find
that, he had the first and perhaps the best fitting gum shoe that
ever was made.

Little by little samples of this new substance found their way to
Europe. It was another hundred years before thoughtful men
believed it worth while to investigate this gum. In 1731 the Paris
Academy of Science sent some explorers to learn about it. One of
these Frenchmen, La Condamine, wrote of a tree called "Hevea"[1]
"There flows from this tree a liquor which hardens gradually and
blackens in the air." He found the people of Quito waterproofing
cloth with it, and the Amazon Indians were making boots which, when
blackened in smoke, looked like leather. Most interesting of all,
they coated bottle-shaped moulds, and when the gum had hardened they
would break the mould, shaking the pieces out of the neck, leaving
an unbreakable bottle that would hold liquids.

[1] Hevea is pronounced Hee'-vee-uh. Caoutchouc is
pronounced koo'-chook.

It was not long afterwards that Lisbon began to import some of
these crudely fashioned articles, and it is said that in 1755 the
King of Portugal sent to Brazil several pairs of his boots to be
waterproofed. A few years later the Government of Para, Brazil,
sent him a full suit of rubber clothes. For all that, this elastic
gum was for the most par