younger generation of citizens, who are
yet students in the public schools, may exert no little influence toward
the betterment of the city; and they may aid in the formation of that
better public sentiment without which no improvement in our standards of
municipal government is possible.

* * * * *

SUPPLEMENTARY QUESTIONS.

Outline for the study of your city government.

1. Was the city organized under a general law of the State, or was it
granted a special charter? Does the legislature enact special laws for
the city?

2. The mayor: term, salary. What are his principal powers? Should his
responsibility be increased?

3. The council or board of aldermen: number of members, term of office,
manner of election, compensation?

4. The municipal courts and judges.

5. Administrative departments: make a complete list of these. Are they
controlled by boards or by single officers? How do the officers obtain
their positions? Are they paid salaries? Of what business does each have
charge?

6. How are the water, lighting, and street-car plants managed? Do you
believe in the municipal ownership of any of them? Give reasons for your
opinion.

7. How do police officers receive appointment? If an officer fails to
enforce an ordinance, what course would you take to secure its
enforcement?

8. Are party lines closely adhered to by voters in city elections? Are
independent party organizations formed? Are they successful?

9. What can you learn of reform movements that have taken place in your
city's history? Give the causes for the success or failure of these.

10. What is the cost of your city government per annum? Is it
economically administered? What are the principal items of expense? Has
the city other sources of revenue besides taxation?

11. What are the excellent features of your city's government? What are
its faults? How may the latter be corrected?

12. Mention some ways in which students can assist in bringing about
better conditions in your city.

* * * * *

REFERENCES.

1. Reinsch, Young Citizen's Reader, 80-83. Hoxie, How the People Rule,
63-83. Dole, Young Citizen, 93-108; 132-139.

PART II.

THE NATIONAL GOVERNMENT.

CHAPTER V.

EVENTS LEADING TO THE FORMATION OF THE UNION.

Colonial Relations.--Why was union so long delayed? How was it
finally accomplished? These are always questions of great interest to
the stud